广州市地面塌陷的形成原因与时空分布

地面塌陷是珠江三角洲城市地质灾害的主要类型之一。广州市地面塌陷灾害频繁发生,近10年来呈波动式上升趋势。其塌陷类型分为岩溶塌陷和工程地面塌陷两种,岩溶塌陷主要分布在广花盆地的花都区、白云区,工程地面塌陷主要分布在中心城区。地面塌陷灾害孕灾环境复杂、致灾因子多样,承灾体脆弱,灾害后果严重。人为因素是地面塌陷的主要诱发因素。岩溶塌陷主要是由于过量抽取地下水或矿山疏干排水、地下采空、暴雨触发所致;工程塌陷主要是人类工程行为所致,其主要致灾因子包括排水疏干与突水(突泥)作用、人工加载、人工振动、人工开挖桩基、地表渗水、地铁等地下工程盾构掘进等。

Mechanism and Temporal-Spatial Distribution of Ground Collapse in Guangzhou

Ground collapse is one of the major types of geological disasters in cities of Pearl River Delta.It occurs frequently with an increasing trend in recent 10 years in Guangzhou.The types of ground collapse in Guangzhou include karst collapse and engineering collapse.The former distributes in Huadu and Baiyun district locateds in Guanghua Basin and the later distributes in the central urban area.The formative environment of ground collapse disaster is complex,disaster-inducing factors are various,hazard bearing body is vulnerable and its consequences are serious.Human factors are the main cause of the ground collapse.The karst collapse is mainly due to excessively pumping groundwater,mining or heavy rains.Engineering collapse is mainly due to engineering activities,such as drainage,dewatering,artificial loading,artificial vibration,excavating,surface water seepage and subway construction.