Electrostatic charges during liquid leakage

Leakage accidents of pressurized flammable liquids often occur in chemical plants. To investigate electrostatic hazards due to liquid leakage, the amounts of electrostatic charge during the leakage were observed. The electric field of the clouds generated by liquid leakage was also examined. Various types of pipeline have been designed in consideration of potential leakage that might lead to accidents during industrial processes. Leakage pressure in the range of 0.1–0.3 MPa was used. With regard to the materials, water and kerosene were used. The results obtained from the experiments show that electrostatic charges depend on leakage parameters, such as the type of liquid, the gasket material between flanges, and the pipeline pressure. In all tests, the amount of the electrostatic charges of water, 0.12–0.83 μC/kg, was larger than that of kerosene, ?0.04 to 0.16 μC/kg. The maximum value of the electric field, generated from the leakage liquid in this study, 40.9 v/cm, is a safe level. No incendiary electrostatic sparks, such as brush and/or spark discharges, were detected in our tests.