基于混合生命周期分析的我国海上风电场能耗及温室气体排放研究

随着我国海上风电的快速发展,对其资源环境成本进行系统核算对于全面评价海上风电的节能减排潜力具有重要意义.本研究采用混合生命周期评价方法,对我国第一个海上风电场—上海东海大桥海上风电场(二期)的能耗和温室气体排放进行核算,并将核算结果与典型陆上风电场和其它类型的可再生能源进行比较.结果表明:该海上风电项目全生命周期发电能耗为0.51 MJ·k Wh~(-1),相应的温室气体排放量为26.47g·k Wh~(-1)(以CO_2当量计);在设备制造与运输、建设施工、运行维护、回收处置4个阶段中,设备生产与运输阶段在能耗和温室气体排放的占比最大,分别贡献了能耗的91.23%和温室气体排放量的60.48%;横向比较发现,海上风电场单位发电量的能耗和温室气体排放均高于陆上风电项目,但与光伏、生物质、地热等可再生能源发电项目相比,海上风电项目全生命周期能耗和温室气体排放依然具有一定优势.

Energy consumption and greenhouse gas emission of an offshore wind farm in China: A hybrid life cycle assessment perspective

With the rapid development of offshore wind power in China, it is significant to evaluate the role of offshore wind farm in China''s energy conservation and GHG emission reduction. In this study, a hybrid life cycle assessment model was constructed to facilitating the accounting of the energy consumption and GHG emission of Donghai bridge offshore wind farm in Shanghai, the first offshore wind farm in China. The results were then compared with those related to multiple renewable energy options. The results showed that energy consumption intensity was 0.51 MJ·kWh^-1 and the GHG emission intensity was 26.47 g CO₂-eq·kWh^-1 in the wind farm. During the 4 stages of the farm''s life time, building and transportation was the primary contributor to energy consumption and GHG emission and accounted for 91.23% of the total energy consumption and 60.48% of the total GHG emission, respectively. The intensities of energy consumption and GHG emission of the wind farm was much higher than those of a typical inland wind farm. Comparatively, GHG emission intensity was lower than those from photovoltaic, biomass and geothermal power stations.