Toxicity of waste gasification bottom ash leachate |
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| Authors: | Sivula Leena Oikari Aimo Rintala Jukka |
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| Institution: | 1. University of Kinshasa (UNIKIN), Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, B.P. 190, Kinshasa XI, Democratic Republic of the Congo;2. Faculty of Science, F.-A. Forel Institute and Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, 66, Boulevard Carl-Vogt, CH – 1205 Geneva, Switzerland;3. University of Kinshasa (UNIKIN), Faculty of Science, Department of Environmental Sciences, B.P. 190, Kinshasa XI, Democratic Republic of the Congo;4. University of Geneva, Institute for Environmental Sciences, enviroSPACE Lab., Uni Carl-Vogt, 66 Boulevard Carl-Vogt, CH – 1205 Geneva, Switzerland;5. Université Pédagogique Nationale (UPN), Croisement Route de Matadi et Avenue de la Libération, Quartier Binza/UPN, B.P. 8815, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo;1. Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation (CERAR), University of South Australia, South Australia 5095, Australia;2. Cooperative Research Centre for Contaminants Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), University of South Australia, South Australia 5095, Australia;3. Biorefining and Carbon Cycling Program, College of Engineering, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;4. School of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin’an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China;1. Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11 Beisihuanxi Road, Beijing 100190, People''s Republic of China;2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People''s Republic of China;1. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Weijin Road 94, Tianjin 300071, China;2. State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, Weijin Road 94, Tianjin 300071, China;3. CMA Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Physics and Environment, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Ningliu Road 219, Nanjing 210044, China;4. School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road 22, Tianjin 300070, China |
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| Abstract: | Toxicity of waste gasification bottom ash leachate from landfill lysimeters (112 m(3)) was studied over three years. The leachate of grate incineration bottom ash from a parallel setup was used as reference material. Three aquatic organisms (bioluminescent bacteria, green algae and water flea) were used to study acute toxicity. In addition, an ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) assay was performed with mouse hepatoma cells to indicate the presence of organic contaminants. Concentrations of 14 elements and 15 PAH compounds were determined to characterise leachate. Gasification ash leachate had a high pH (9.2-12.4) and assays with and without pH adjustment to neutral were used. Gasification ash leachate was acutely toxic (EC(50) 0.09-62 vol-%) in all assays except in the algae assay with pH adjustment. The gasification ash toxicity lasted the entire study period and was at maximum after two years of disposal both in water flea (EC(50) 0.09 vol-%) and in algae assays (EC(50) 7.5 vol-%). The grate ash leachate showed decreasing toxicity during the first two years of disposal in water flea and algae assays, which then tapered off. Both in the grate ash and in the gasification ash leachates EROD-activity increased during the first two years of disposal and then tapered off, the highest inductions were observed with the gasification ash leachate. The higher toxicity of the gasification ash leachate was probably related to direct and indirect effects of high pH and to lower levels of TOC and DOC compared to the grate ash leachate. The grate ash leachate toxicity was similar to that previously reported in literature, therefore, confirming that used setup was both comparable and reliable. |
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