土壤和沉积物中钚同位素组成的质谱分析方法

钚-238是一种半衰期较长的人为放射性核素,其含量极低,准确分析其同位素组成依赖于高效率的分离富集技术及高灵敏度的检测技术。本文综述了电感耦合等离子、电子加速、热电离和共振电离四种质谱分析方法在土壤和沉积物中钚同位素分析方面的应用现状,从技术原理、应用和成本等方面对比分析了各种分离和纯化方法、质谱检测方法的优势与不足,为钚同位素的地球化学应用及我国核能应用过程环境影响评估提供技术支持。

Review on Mass Spectrographic Analysis of Plutonium Isotopes in Soils and Sediments

Plutonium-238 is a kind of anthropogenic radionuclide with relatively long half time. Both effective separation and purification method and the sensitive determination technique are indispensable to accurate analysis of plutonium isotopes due to its extremely low concentration in the environment. In the present work, we summarized the mass spectrographic techniques for determination of plutonium isotopes in soils and sediments. The advantages as well as shortages of methods for plutonium separation and purification were presented. Four mass spectrographic techniques, including inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, accelerator mass spectrometry, thermal ionization mass spectrometry and resonance ionization mass spectrometry, were evaluated by the time consuming, detection limit and cost. The aim of this work is to provide a fine technique for determination of plutonium isotopes applicated in geochemistry and the environmental risk assessment of domestic nuclear energy utilization.