Bt作物杀虫蛋白在农田土壤中残留动态的研究进展

综述了转Bt作物释放的杀虫蛋白在农田土壤中的残留动态．重点阐述了：①土壤中Bt毒素蛋白的检测方法；②Bt毒素在土壤中残留、富集与降解动态；③Bt毒素蛋白与土壤中具有表面活性颗粒的吸附结合规律；④土壤中Bt毒素的杀虫活性．国内外研究结果表明，转基因植物释放到土壤中的Bt毒素蛋白迅速与土壤中具有表面活性的颗粒吸附并紧密结合，降低生物降解，但结合后的Bt毒素结构没有改变，致使毒素蛋白在土壤中长期滞留并保持其杀虫活性，可能会对土壤中非靶标生物造成不良影响．因此深入、系统地研究和评价转Bt作物释放的Bt毒素对土壤生态系统的风险迫在眉睫．参50

PROGRESS IN PERSISTENCE DYNAMIC OF INSECTICIDAL PROTEINS RELEASED FROM BT CROPS IN CROPLAND

This paper reviews the progress in persistence dynamics of insecticidal proteins released from Bt crops in soil, and mainly summarizes: 1) the detection methods for Bt toxin proteins released from transgenic Bt crops in soil; 2) the persistence, accumulation and degradation of Bt toxin in soil; 3) the mechanism by which Bt toxin proteins absorb and bind with the surface-active soil particles; 4) the insecticidal activity of Bt toxin proteins in cropland soil. Many studies showed that Bt toxin proteins could rapidly be absorbed and tightly bound with the surface-active soil particles, which decreased biotic degradation, but the bound toxins' structures did not change, so that the Bt toxin proteins released by transgenic crops could persist in soil for long time and retain their insecticidal activity. This part of Bt toxins might probably be harmful to non-target entities/organisms in soil. So this situation needs to undertake an immediate study in a systemic way to assess the ecological risks caused by Bt toxin proteins released by transgenic crops. Ref 50