基于信息传播系统的人员疏散模型探讨

笔者提出了紧急疏散中狭义和广义信息传播原理,并在此基础上建立了一种基于信息传播系统的人员疏散计算机模型。狭义信息,即能被人员本身接受和作出反应可感知的信号,它的产生和传递对疏散过程有直观而显著的影响。而广义信息则是其进一步延伸,包括了疏散过程中各种具体行为和作用结果。为了更全面地模拟和再现疏散过程中人员行为,使用的模型引入了狭义的信息传播原理。该模型由4个子系统构成,即人员模型、信号模型、建筑模型和特殊场景模型,较为充分地考虑了火灾疏散中的关键因素。运用该模型不但可以对疏散中的人员特殊行为进行理论研究,而且可以为实际工程(如地铁站、体育场馆、教学楼、医院等高风险场所)进行疏散安全论证提供帮助。

Probe into Evacuation Model Based on Information Transfer System

The special and general theory of information transfer during evacuation is introduced in this paper. Based on it, a new simulation model is proposed. The special information, namely all the signals capably received and responded to by human, has a direct and significant effect on evacuation. The general information, however, extends to include all the specific action and its effect during the process of evacuation as well. To simulate and reproduce the act of staff during the process of evacuation, a computer model, consisting of an occupant model, an information model, a structure model and a scene model, has been built by applying special theory of information transfer. This model, in which all the key factors during evacuation of fire are fully considered, is very helpful to the theoretical research on staff's act in evacuation and the safety evaluation from high-risk buildings such as subway station, gymnasium, school and hospital on fire.