不同有机物料对黑土腐殖质元素组成及结构的影响

 利用元素分析仪及红外光谱仪研究施用不同有机物料对黑土腐殖质元素组成及结构影响的差异性.结果表明:与对照(CK)相比,有机物料施用5a后,黑土胡敏酸(HA)中C、H含量均显著降低,并以木本处理作用最显著.除动物粪便处理HA中N含量与CK相等外,其余有机处理N含量均显著高于CK,施用动物残体则使HA中O含量显著降低.施用草本残体可以提高富里酸(FA)中N含量.动物残体使FA中H含量显著降低.施用草本残体、木本残体使FA中C含量升高,O含量影响降低.有机物的施用使铁结合胡敏素(HMi)中C、H含量下降而使O含量上升,并以草本处理作用最显著,同时草本处理也使HMi中N含量降低.与CK相比,施用动物粪便、木本残体提高了粘粒结合胡敏素(HMc)中C、N含量而降低了O含量,有机物料施用5a后均使黑土HMc中H含量降低,且各处理之间差异显著.与CK相比,有机物料施用五年后均使HA及FA脂族性减弱,并以草本残体处理影响最明显.对于HMc,施用有机物料有利于提高其脂族性,同时使芳香C=C振动减弱,并且以木本处理影响最明显.有机物料施用5a后使HMi的羟基含量及碳水化合物减少,而使其脂族性提高.试验结果证实,不同有机物料处理对黑土腐殖质各组分特征的影响有明显差异.

Effects of the different organic materials on the structure and elemental composition of humus in black soil

Elemental analyzers and infrared spectrometer was used to study the effects of the different organic materials on the structure and elemental composition of humus in black soil. Compared with CK, after five years, application of organic materials resulted in significant decrease of carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) of humic acid(HA), and the role of herb residue was the most obvious. Apart from animal excrement, other organic materials significantly increased nitrogen (N) of HA, and the content of oxygen (O) was remarkable different among different treats. Application of herb residues increased N of fulvic acid (FA). The content of C and O were remarkable different among different treats. Use of organic materials resulted in significant decrease of C and H, but enhanced content of O in humin linked to iron (HMi), and the role of herb residues was the most obvious, at the same time, herb residue decreased N of HMi. After application of animal excrement and woody residue content of C and N in humin linked to clay (HMc) was enhanced, and H in HMc was decreased. Compared with CK, application of organic materials resulted in significant decrease of H in HMc, and it was remarkable among different treats. Compared with control treatment (CK), application of organic materials decreased aliphatic compounds of humic acid(HA) and fulvic acid(FA), and the role of plant residues was the most obvious. In humin linked to clay (HMc), all the organic materials could increased aliphatic compounds, at the same time, decreased content of aryl-groups C＝C. After five years, use of organic materials decreased content of hydroxyl and saccharide in humin linked to iron(HMi), but increased aliphatic compounds. Results showed there were different effects on the structure and elemental composition of humus due to different organic materials.