减污降碳协同增效的关键路径与政策研究

全面推动实现减污降碳协同增效是新发展阶段我国兑现碳达峰碳中和庄严承诺、深入打好污染防治攻坚战、建设美丽中国的必然要求。环境污染物与二氧化碳排放的高度同源性是实现减污降碳协同增效的理论基础。本文首先就目标指标、管控区域、控制对象、措施任务、政策工具五个方面的协同性系统讨论了减污降碳协同增效的基本内涵。其次,着眼于当前大气环境治理与碳减排在中国的重要性,本文在国家层面讨论了二者的中长期协同控制路线图,阐述了重点协同区域的识别方法和重点部门的协同治理思路,系统提出了大气环境治理与碳减排的协同路径。再次,本文还就“无废城市”建设和生态保护这两个领域与碳减排的协同治理思路展开分析讨论。最后,针对减污降碳协同治理对政策体系的需求,提出了统筹优化减污降碳协同目标、建立协同法规标准、建立减污降碳协同管理制度三个方面的建议。本研究将有助于厘清各方对减污降碳协同增效的认识,对各级政府后续推进减污降碳协同治理工作提供理论和科学基础。

Synergetic Control of Environmental Pollution and Carbon Emissions: Pathway and Policy

China has entered the new development stage. To fulfill the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality target and the Beautiful China target, it is essential to control environmental pollution and CO₂ emissions synergistically. The theoretical basis for implementing the synergetic control is the fact that environmental pollutants and CO₂ emissions generally share the same sources (homology). This study first introduces the basic idea of the synergetic control framework of environmental pollution and CO₂ emissions by discussing synergies between the two issues in five main aspects, including overall targets, key regions, major sectors, control measures, and supporting policies. Given the importance of controlling air pollution and CO₂ emissions in China at the current stage, the synergetic control pathway of the two issues is systematically proposed in this study:the mid-to-long-term synergetic control pathway of the two at the national level is introduced; the method for identifying key regions for synergetic control is introduced; and the strategies for conducting synergetic control in major sectors are proposed. The synergies between CO₂ abatements and the construction of "waste-free cities", and the synergies between CO₂ abatements and ecological protection are also analyzed and discussed, respectively. To build a policy system that can effectively support synergetic control, suggestions are proposed to increase the synergies between environmental governance and carbon mitigation in terms of target planning, laws, regulations, and standards, and management mechanisms.This study will help clarify the understanding of the synergetic control of environmental pollution and CO₂ emissions. It will also provide the theoretical and scientific basis for implementing synergetic control of environmental pollution and CO₂ emissions by Chinese governments at all levels.