反应过程典型事故共性分析及安全防控对策研究

为了充分挖掘事故教训,提高化工装置反应过程的安全性水平,收集了5起典型的化工装置反应过程事故,包括:光化釜爆炸事故、聚氯乙烯聚合釜爆炸事故、硝化装置爆炸事故、重氮盐生产过程爆炸事故及磺化反应釜爆炸事故。剖析了事故发生的多方面原因,包括:反应危害认识不足、工艺危险性分析不充分、安全条件没确定、过度依赖操作者及控制系统设计有缺陷等。针对每种原因进行了深入的分析,并借鉴事故的教训、已有的标准及优秀的做法,提出了科学系统的反应过程安全防控建议。

Generality Analysis and Safety Prevention and Control Countermeasure Research on Typical Accidents during Reaction Process

To fully learn from the lessons from the ac- cidents and increase the safety of reaction process of chemical devices, 5 typical accidents arising from the reaction process of chemical devices are collected, in- cluding： photochemical reaction explosion accident, explosion accident of polyvinyl chloride polymerizer, nitration device explosion accident, diazonium salt production process explosion accident as well as sul- fonation reaction explosion accident. The reasons for the outbreak of accidents are analyzed in this paper, including lack of good understandings of reaction haz- ard, inadequate analysis of technological hazard, no determination of safety conditions, dependence on op- erator and defects in control system design. In accor- dance with the in-depth analysis of all reasons and by reference to the lessons from the accidents, estab- lished standards and excellent practices, the sugges- tions for safety prevention and control of scientific and systematic reaction process are put forward in this paper.