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Contamination of fish by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-P-dioxin: A survey of fish from major watersheds in the United States |
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| Authors: | Douglas W. Kuehl Brian C. Butterworth Alexander McBride Steven Kroner Donald Bahnick |
| Affiliation: | 1U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Research Laboratory-Duluth, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, MN 55804 USA 2U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, 200 Main Street S.W., Washington, DC 20460 USA 3Center for Lake Superior Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin-Superior, Superior, Wisconsin 54880 USA |
| Abstract: | A survey of contamination of fish from major watersheds in the United States by 2,3,7,8-TCDD has been conducted by the U.S. EPA. Bottom feeding and predator fish were collected at 90 statistically selected and 305 regionally selected sites and analyzed by GC/MS. It was found that 19% of the statistically sampled sites and 31% of the regionally selected sites were contaminated at or above a minimum level of detection varying from 0.5 to 2.0 pg/g. Ten percent of all samples were contaminated at levels greater than 5.0 pg/g. It was also observed that a subset of samples collected at sites near discharge from pulp/paper manufacture (N=28) had a higher frequency of TCDD contamination above 5.0 pg/g (38%). This subset of samples also contained the sample of the greatest level of TCDD contamination (85 pg/g). |
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