北平热带桐柏山地土壤特性及其合理利用

本文阐明了豫南桐柏山北坡土壤形成的自然条件,并以三个代表性剖面为对象,研究了土壤的发生特性。结果表明,土壤具有淡色或暗色表层,质地多为砂质壤土和砂质粘壤土,土体有一定的发育,pH呈酸性至微酸性,盐基饱和度多在80％左右,土壤粘粒的硅铝率均>3.4,粘土矿物组成主要为水云母、高岭石、蛭石。土壤类型随海拔高度增加而有规律地变化,基带土壤为黄棕壤,中部为暗黄棕壤,棕壤则分布在1000m以上。文章还提出了土壤资源合理利用的基本途径,即以林为主,在搞好水土保持工作的同时,实行多种经营措施相结合的综合开发体系。

CHARACTERISTICS OF SOILS IN TONGBAI MOUNTAIN IN NORTH SUBTROPICS AND THEIR RATIONAL UTILIZATION

This paper expounds the natural conditions of soil formation in the north of Tongbai Mountain in Henan province by studying the soil genetic properties of three typical soil profiles. The results showed that the soils have umbric or ochric epipedon; soil texture is sandy loam or sandy clay loamc; soil pH is acid or weak acid; base saturation percentage is 80% or so. The ratio of soil clay SiO_2/Al_2O_3>3.4. Clay mineral is mainly composed of hydromica, kaolinite, vermiculite. The vertical sequence of soil distribution from the mountain foot to the top is in the order of yellow brown soil, dark yellow brown soil, and brown soil. This article also discussed the fundamental way of the rational utilization of soil resources. That is to take forestry as the most important orientation and to practise the comprehensive development system that combines motley plantations together, and in which soil and water conservation is considered.