渝宜高速（重庆段）对土地利用变化驱动及景观格局的响应

为深入认识道路对土地利用/土地覆被变化的作用过程和机制,确定道路的影响范围和强度,论文选取渝宜高速（重庆段）两侧15 km缓冲带为研究区,基于1986、2000、2007和2013年4期遥感影像数据,利用ArcGIS技术和景观生态学方法,从4个分段、3个尺度探讨了高速公路驱动下土地利用和景观格局演变的梯度差异及其对道路演变的响应。结果表明,1986-2013年,研究区土地利用变化规律正在由“点”往“轴”向格局转变;2013年西段低山丘陵区、中段低山宽谷区、中段中低山峡谷区道路的影响范围分别是10、7、5 km,东段中山峡谷区道路效应不明显;总体来看,公路沿线3 km范围内土地利用开发强度高,并且4个分段的土地利用综合程度自西向东逐步降低;在道路的驱动下,全区景观格局的变化局限在一定范围内,对于西段低山丘陵区和中段低山宽谷区的景观格局显著变化在5 km内,中段中低山峡谷区、东段中山峡谷区的变化主要集中在4和3 km内,影响域内景观破碎化程度加剧,景观稳定性降低,生态景观风险增加;各分段土地利用和景观格局变化空间差异与其通车时间存在正相关关系,同时受区域经济和地形因素以及环境政策的影响。研究结论有助于丰富对生态脆弱区道路效应的理解,为区域交通规划及土地资源持续利用提供科学依据。

The Land Use Change and Landscape Pattern Response Driven by YU-YI Expressway (Chongqing Section)

In order to clarify the influence of roadways on the land use and landscape pattern and the range and intensity of the influence, the 15 km distance’s buffer zones at both sides of the Yu-Yi Expressway from Chongqing to Wushan was chosen as the study area. This section of the road was divided into four segments according to the landform along the road. Based on the data of the remote sensing images in 1986, 2000, 2007 and 2013, and by using ArcGIS software and method of landscape ecology, the paper studied the land use and landscape pattern changes driven by the expressway at three scales. The results show that, in the period from 1986 to 2013, the dispersed land use changed areas developed to an axis along the expressway. The effect zones of the expressway in the west low mountain and hill, the low mountain and strath, and the mid-low mountains gorge area are 10 km, 7 km and 5 km respectively, and it is not obvious in the east middle mountain and valley area. As a whole, the highly explored lands cluster in the 3 km buffer range along the road, and the land use degree decreases from west to east in the study area. The influence of the expressway on landscape structure is within a certain area. In the low mountain and hill at the west and the low mountain and strath area, the changes of landscape pattern mainly happen in the 5 km buffer range, and in 4 km and 3 km buffer range in the middle-low mountain and valley area and middle mountain and valley area, respectively. The landscape structure becomes increasingly fragmented, and the landscape stability within the influenced area decreases greatly, which exposes ecological landscape to more risks. The spatial differences of land use and landscape pattern change are related with the opening time of the expressway, and are also influenced by regional economy, terrain factors, and environmental policy. This research is beneficial for understanding the effect of the road in fragile ecological areas, and the conclusion of this study may provide scientific basis for the regional transportation planning and sustainable land utilization.