山区城镇建设用地适宜性评价方法及应用——以云南省德宏州为例

建设山地城市是21世纪城市建设的十大模式之一。实施“城镇上山”战略,其基础是开展山区城镇建设用地适宜性评价。目前,国内外对山区城镇建设用地适宜性评价的研究尚属薄弱环节,其评价指标体系、评价标准、技术方法模式等关键技术方法问题需要深入、广泛的探讨和实证研究。论文针对山区城镇建设的特殊性,构建起由7个特殊因子和10个一般因子（其中有5个同时是特殊因子）共同组成的山区建设用地评价指标体系,采用“极限条件法”与“适宜性指数法”相结合的技术方法,通过确定单项评价因子指数和综合性适宜指数,并运用GIS技术,以第二次土地调查1:10 000土地利用现状图的基本图斑为评价单元,分析和评定了云南德宏州山区每一评价单元图斑的城镇建设用地适宜性及其适宜等级。评价结果表明,在全州山区面积985 787.40 hm²中,其宜建地和不宜建地分别占14.37%和85.63%,一等宜建地、二等宜建地和三等宜建地的构成比例约为12:33:55。评价结果已应用于德宏州各县（市）“城镇上山”型土地利用总体规划（2010—2020年）修编之中,成效明显,使德宏州“保护坝区农田,建设山地城镇”战略得以顺利实施,全州坝区84%以上的优质耕地得到了永久性保护,新增建设占用耕地比例大幅下降。论文建立的山区建设用地适宜性评价指标体系和评价方法适用于云南山区建设用地适宜性评价,可为云南省乃至国内外类似山区加强坝区（或平原区）优质耕地保护、合理建设山地城镇发展模式提供理论和技术支撑。

Land Suitability Evaluation for Urban Construction and Its Application in Mountainous Areas: A Case Study in Dehong Dai-Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture,Yunnan Province

Constructing mountainous cities is one of the ten models of urban construction in the 21st century. In order to expand the urban development space and protect high quality farmland in plains or flatland areas, the Ministry of Land and Resources of China determines to develop the slopes and build urban and industrial projects on mountainland as one of the countermeasures. Carrying out the evaluation of land suitability for urban construction in mountainous areas will provide a foundation and support for constructing mountainous cities. For the research of land suitability evaluation for urban construction in mountainous areas is still weak, the evaluation index system, evaluation standard, techniques, method and other key problems need in-depth and extensive discussion and empirical research. Given this, this study built constructive land suitability evaluation index system which contains seven special factors and ten general factors, five of which are special factors at the same time, according to the particularity of urban construction in mountainous areas. And then, by using an approach combining the “Extreme Conditions Method” and “Suitability Index Method”, with the help of GIS technology, this study determined each single index of evaluation factors and the comprehensive suitability index, and analyzed and assessed the constructive land suitability of each evaluation unit and its suitability grade in mountainous areas of Dehong Dai-Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province by using basic pattern spots on 1:10 000 land-use map in the Second National Land Survey as the evaluation unit. The results show that, in the mountainous areas of 985 787.40 hm² in the prefecture, the area of land suitable for construc-tion and non-suitable for construction respectively account for 14.37% and 85.63%. And the composition of first grade, second grade and third grade of land suitable for construction are 12:33:55. The evaluation results have been applied in the revision and compilation of “General Land Use Planning (2010-2020) in Dehong Dai-Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture”, which achieved obvious effects. Based on the strategy of “Constructing Mountainous Cities”, Dehong Prefecture eventually successfully implemented its strategy of “Protecting Flat Farmland and Constructing Mountainous Cities”, by which more than 84% of qualified farmlands in flat areas throughout the prefecture were under effective permanent protection and the occupation of farmlands reduced substantially. The suitability evaluation index system and the method developed in this study are applied for evaluating the construction land suitability in mountainous areas in Yunnan, however it will provide a technical support for high quality farmland protection in flatland areas and a reasonable pattern of urban construction in mountainous areas in not only Yunnan Province, but also domestic and foreign similar mountainous areas.