全国生态系统食物生产功能空间特征及其影响因素

随着我国人口的迅速增长以及工业化、城镇化进程的加快,生态环境遭到破坏,使得食物生产不稳定,食物安全问题日益突出,评价我国食物生产功能具有十分重要的意义。依据食物生产产量,根据营养成分转化率,将各类食物折算成热量来统一核算,研究评价了我国生态系统食物生产功能的空间分布特征,并利用ArcGIS、SPSS进行空间分析及影响因子分析,结果表明:① 2010 年,我国生态系统的食物生产总量为11 765.28×10¹² kJ,空间上呈现东南多西北少的分布格局;② 华东、华中、东北地理区,河南、山东、黑龙江三省具有较高的食物生产能力;③ 耕地质心的转移并没有引起食物生产质心的转移,技术要素的投入更能提高食物生产能力,研究发现粮食播种面积、有效灌溉面积、化肥使用量等与食物生产热量呈显著正相关(P<0.01)。因此,充分利用自然资源,合理增大技术要素投入的力度,是提高我国食物生产能力的重要途径。

Spatial Characteristics of Food Provision Service and Its Impact Factors in China

As food production becomes unstable and the issue of food safety is increasingly outstanding, it is necessary to understand the spatial distribution characteristics of food provision service. In this study, we used "calories" which were standardized from food production according to the food-nutrition converting formula, to assess the spatial characteristics of food provision service and its impact factors. The results showed that: 1) In 2010, the total food production value was up to 11765.28×10¹² kJ in China, and the food production capacity of southeast is stronger than that of northwest. 2) The capacity of food production varied in different geographical regions, that East China has the best food production function, followed by Central and Northeast China. Henan, Shandong and Heilongjiang were the three major food provision provinces. 3) Under the situation of cultivated land resources dwindling, technology elements play a more important role in improving the food production capacity of the ecosystem. Factors like sowing area, effective irrigated area, chemical fertilizer, agricultural machinery power, agricultural populations, and farm chemicals have significant positive correlation with food production capacity (P<0.01). Therefore, in order to improve China's food production capacity and realize the sustainable development of society and environment, the important ways are to take full advantage of natural resources and make more efforts to use scientific techniques.