要素禀赋、投入结构与工业用水效率——基于2002—2011年中国地区数据的分析

构建基于地区要素禀赋的投入价格体系,利用成本效率DEA模型将要素禀赋因素纳入工业用水效率分析框架,测算分析了中国2002—2011 年地区工业用水效率增长,并对其收敛性进行了检验。测算结果显示,各地区的工业用水效率在不断上升,但地区间差距较大,存在三个明显的梯队;大部分地区的要素投入结构与自身要素禀赋特征不匹配,东、中部地区普遍表现为资本投入比重过低和水资源投入比重过高,西部地区则普遍表现为劳动投入比重过低和水资源投入比重过高。收敛性检验结果显示,全国各地区的工业用水效率并未像资本效率和劳动效率一样呈现出较强的收敛趋势,但高用水效率地区与低用水效率地区分别存在俱乐部收敛。

Factor Endowments,Inputs Structure and Industrial Water Efficiency: A Study Based on China's Provincial Data during 2002-2011

By setting up an inputs price system based on regional factor endowments, we added factor endowments into the analysis framework of industrial water efficiency by employing cost- efficiency DEA model, and calculated China's regional industrial water efficiency from 2002 to 2011 and examined regional convergence tendency. Calculated results showed that almost every region's industrial water efficiency was rising continuously, but regional disparities were huge that three distinct echelons were easy to distinguish. Most regions' inputs structure do not match with their own endowment characteristics. The eastern and central regions' capital investment proportions were generally lower than the optimal level while their water input proportions were generally higher than the optimal level. The western regions' labor input proportions were generally lower than the optimal level while their water input proportions were generally higher than the optimal level. Convergence test results showed that regional industrial water efficiency did not show a strong convergence trend as capital efficiency and labor efficiency did, but both high water efficiency areas and low water efficiency areas exist club convergence. Our findings provide several important enlightenments to improve China's industrial water efficiency. This article provides a more practical analytical framework for the study of resource utilization efficiency by employing cost-efficiency DEA model and factor endowments theory, which may inspire more in-depth researches.