国外旅游小城镇研究进展与启示

城镇化与旅游业快速发展背景下,旅游小城镇成为旅游热点及研究焦点。为探讨旅游小城镇研究现状及趋势,在参阅相关文献基础上,论述国外旅游小城镇研究进展。从旅游地演化、旅游影响、利益主体、居民感知、产品开发与企业行为、规划与管理等方面分析旅游小城镇研究内容,总结研究理论和方法。结果表明,国外旅游小城镇研究领域广泛,数据容量和时间跨度大、区域尺度选择呈二元化、重视时空比较研究,强调多种理论的综合研究和定量分析,可为我国旅游小城镇研究提供借鉴。今后应完善旅游小城镇研究体系,拓展研究时空尺度,注重多理论综合分析及定性和定量方法的结合。加强旅游小城镇的理论和实证研究,利于预测旅游小城镇发展方向,为其可持续发展提供科学依据。

Research Progress and Enlightenment on Tourism Towns in Foreign Countries

With the declining of traditional industries of agriculture, forestry, fishery and mining, tourism has been one of the significant driving forces in many towns. In the context of rapid development of urbanization and tourism, as an important way to promote the development of urbanization and tourism, a tourism town has become the tourist hotspot and new research focus. In order to explore the current situation and development trend of tourism town research, this paper points out the major results of tourism town research based on the analysis of the related foreign literatures. The paper gives a general review of tourism town research on the major contents, in terms of its evolution, tourism impacts, stakeholders, residents' perception, product development and enterprise behavior, planning and management, and then the research theories and methods are summarized. The conclusions provide a valuable reference for domestic studies. Firstly, the relevant researches abroad are rich range from the groundwork of initial tourism development, economic effects to social, cultural and environmental impacts, stakeholders, marketing and sustainable community development. Cases chosen range from developed counties such as occident to developing counties in Asia and Africa. Secondly, the research of spatial and temporal scales are wide, the capacity and time span of the data are abundant and the regional study scale present binary nature, and a diachronic comparative study of tourism development in the same case at different stages as well as trans-regional contrasts study among different cases are made. Finally, the researches attach great importance to the comprehensive analysis of many theories, quantitative analysis and mode construction and mathematical statistics. Based on the condition of tourism town development and the research status, this article proposes that the following work should be accomplished in the future: completing the study system of tourism town research; analyzing the relationships between various tourism elements and town development; summarizing different paradigms of tourism towns; expanding the space-time scale of tourism research; emphasizing comprehensive analysis of multiple theories and the combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. To strengthen the theoretical and practical research about tourism towns can help assessing the tourism impacts of small towns, analyzing the behavior of stakeholders and predicting the direction of development, which provides a scientific basis for the sustainable development.