中国资源性产业空间演变特征

受制于生产过程对资源的依赖性,资源禀赋条件被视为资源性产业在空间上集聚的主要原因。随着资源枯竭、环境能源压力上升,以及交通条件改善、技术进步和贸易条件改善等外部因素的变化,资源性产业有条件摆脱资源依赖,导致资源性产业格局发生变化。研究借助空间基尼系数及其分解,并通过进一步细分产业与地理空间,刻画了中国1998—2007年资源性产业的集聚变化特征,结果发现：① 资源性产业的空间集聚程度总体表现平稳,但其背后隐含着显著的空间格局变动。采掘业由于生产投入要素在空间上的灵活性较弱,故集聚程度整体高于资源性加工业,但采掘业集聚中心表现出更为显著的分散化特征。② 采掘业的空间格局与资源分布特征紧密相关,主要在内陆地区集聚。资源性加工制造业则主要在东部沿海地区集聚,或与其较好的制造业基础有关。虽然采掘业和资源性加工制造业空间均存在显著动态变化,但并未打破这一分异格局。产业亦未表现出沿港口集聚的特征。而资源型城市仍以采掘业集聚为主,资源性加工制造业的集聚特征并不显著,反映出资源型城市转型仍面临较大压力。

Spatial Pattern Dynamics of Resource-based Industry in China

Resource endowment is identified as the primary cause of geographical concentration or agglomeration of resource-based industries. Nevertheless, these industries seem to be able to get rid of resource dependency due to the improving condition of traffic, technology and trade which, in turn, leads to significant spatial dynamics. This paper used locational Gini coefficient to describe the spatial pattern of resource-based industries in China during 1998-2007. Building on this premise, a decomposition method was employed to explore the spatial dynamics of these industries. We elaborate two major claims: 1) resource-based industries exhibited a stable level of concentration, but the result of decomposition revealed a significant trend of spatial mobility. Subject to the dependency of producing processes on natural resources, extractive industry distinguished itself from manufacturing industry due to its higher level of concentration. Moreover, industry mobility of extractive industry was more significant than that of manufacturing industry. 2) Extractive industry primarily concentrated in the inland areas, closely related with the distribution of natural resources. Unlike extractive industry, manufacturing industry tended to concentrate on the coastal area where there are robust and competitive industrial bases. Although there were significant spatial dynamics of both extractive and manufacturing industries, the differentiated spatial patterns of these two sectors never changed. Moreover, resource-based industries did not concentrate at port cities as it was anticipated. On the other hand, a lot of resource-based cities still relied heavily on extractive industries, and are mired in decades of transformation.