村域社会资本与环境影响的关系——基于甘肃省村域调查数据

社会资本作为改善生态环境的先决条件,已引起了全社会的广泛关注,当前急需辨明社会资本与环境影响之间的关系,并依次寻求解决生态环境问题的对策措施。研究基于甘肃省20个村域的调查数据,以网络、信任、规范为指标测度社会资本,以生态足迹为指标测度环境影响,利用计量经济模型分析了村域层面社会资本与环境影响的关系。结果表明:①社会资本差异有助于解释村域之间的环境影响差异;②社会资本的普遍信任维度、制度信任维度与环境影响呈显著正相关,规范维度与环境影响呈显著负相关,网络维度虽与环境影响呈负相关,但统计上不显著;③劳动力受教育程度、非农就业水平与环境影响呈显著负相关,人口规模虽与环境影响呈正相关,但在多数模型中不显著。最后,指出了社会资本对环境影响作用研究中需进一步关注的问题。

Social Capital and Cross-Village Environmental Impact: Based on Village Investigation Data in Gansu Province

Social capital has played an increasingly important role in regional development,as the necessary prerequisite to improve environment, it has attracted increasing interests. Now, we should clarify the relationship between social capital and environmental impact in order to find out countermeasures to solve the complex environmental problems. In the paper, the ecological footprint was taken as the index of the environmental impact, social capital was measured by social net, general trust, institution trust and norm, based on investigation data of 20 villages in Gansu Province, using the econometric model to analyze the village-level relationship between social capital and environmental impact. The results indicate: 1)Social capital diversity can help explain the cross-village environmental impact diversity, after introducing the social capital index, the model’s goodness of fit (R²) increased by 0.007-0.09. 2) Both the relationship between the general trust and environmental impact and that between the institutional trust and environmental impact are positively correlated significantly, with regression coefficient being 0.995 and 0.719, respectively. That is to say, although improving the general trust and the institutional trust will enhance the environmental impact, yet the change speed of the environmental impact caused by them is inferior to that of themselves. 3) The relationship between the norm dimension and environmental impact is negatively correlated significantly, the regression coefficient is-0.463. In other words, improving the norm will slow down the environmental impact, but the reducing speed of the environmental impact caused by it is inferior to that of itself. The relationship between the social net dimension and environmental impact shows a positive correlation, but it is insignificant in the model. 4) Increasing the rural labour’ educational attainment and enhancing the non-agriculture employment level will slow down the environmental impact. The relationship between population quantity and environmental impact is a positive correlation, but it is insignificant in many models. Finally, it points out the further concerned problems in the research of the function of social capital on environmental impact.