中国西北地区农林复合经营的保护与发展

中国西北地区深居内陆,区域生态系统脆弱,干旱、水土流失和风沙灾害等问题频繁,严重影响了区域社会经济的发展与生态文明建设进程。发展复合农林业是林业发展的新思路,是解决区域生态环境与落后社会经济问题恶性循环的有效途径。论文根据西北地区特殊的自然、经济、社会条件以及农林复合经营发展现状,结合农林复合系统科研、生产实践及农村经济发展的需要,将西北干旱地区农林复合经营划分为草原风沙区、荒漠绿洲区、黄土高原区和青藏高原区4个类型区,并分析概述了各类型区复合农林业发展的现状和特点。根据农林复合系统多层次、多组分、多功能和多目标的特点,提出了基于林分起源、生物组分、生长周期和主导功能标尺的农林复合经营类型划分方法。对目前西北地区农林复合经营发展中存在的规划、理论研究和推广应用等问题提出了相应对策,以期为区域农林复合经营的保护与发展提供借鉴。

Strategies of Conservation and Development of Agroforestry Ecosystem in Northwest China

History of several thousand years of human civilization is based on agriculture, and agricultural production provides spiritual and material basis for the development of human society. Agroforestry is a complex production system of forestry combined with agriculture or livestock organically, which is the essence of ecological agriculture reflecting the combination of mankind and forest. Agroforestry is a labor-intensive operation model to take fully advan-tage of natural forces, and characterized as systematic, complex, intensive and efficient. It not only creates wealth for human society, but also keeps biological and environment in a healthy eco-system. The fragile ecosystem, as well as the frequent occurrence of drought, soil erosion and sand disasters in Northwest China has seriously affected the development of social economy. Developing agroforestry is a new pattern of forestry development, and it is also an effective way to solve the vicious circle between ecological environment and backward social economy. The agroforestry systems in Northwest arid China were divided into four type regions including steppe, desert-oasis, Loess Plateau and Tibetan Plateau according to the natural conditions, socio-economic status, development situations of agroforestry systems and the needs of scientific research, production practice and rural economics. The characteristics of agroforestry systems including location and natural features, agroforestry features and typical types were analyzed. Additionally, considering the multi-level, multi-component, multi-purpose and multi-objective characteristics of agroforestry, we proposed a method to classify agrofore-stry based on forest origin, biological components, growth cycle and dominant function. Finally, the countermeasures for the issues existing in designing and planning, theoretical research and application and promotion of agroforestry management were presented, so as to afford references for the conservation and development of agroforestry in Northwest China.