森林植被对积雪分配及其消融影响研究综述

积雪和融雪作为对北方流域水文与生态具有贡献意义的两个地表过程,与森林植被有着十分紧密的联系。森林植被通过地表遮荫、林冠截留、改变风场格局等方式来改变林区地表积雪分配格局,同时可通过改变林区太阳辐射收支平衡、地表粗糙程度等影响地表融雪速率及其时空分异。在分析积、融雪变量与森林植被相互关系以及总结国内外研究现状的基础上,从林冠几何、林木空间分布、植被类型、森林经营活动等方面归纳了影响积雪分配及其消融速率的主要因素,概括了当前研究面临的主要问题,并提出未来研究的方向和重点。以期为今后林雪关系、雪水文过程研究提供有力参考。

Effects of Forest Vegetation on Snow Distribution and Ablation:An Overview

In arid and semi-arid regions, snow accumulation and ablation have been considered as two land surface processes contributing to inland watershed hydrology and ecology, and have a very close relationship with forest vegetation. Forest structure can not only dramatically modify the ways of snow distribution by snowfall interception, but also affects the processes of snowmelt by altering the snowpack energy balance. In semi-arid mountain watersheds, the pattern of snow deposition and melt is largely a function of exposure or shelter by vegetation cover, leading to spatial differentiation of snow water equivalent in snow cover area. Forest vegetation effects on snow distribution and ablation are multi-factorial and of multi-scale. Studies on the effects of forest to snow redistribution and snow ablation are important to deepen the understanding of relationship between the snow and forest and snow hydrological process. By literature review, this paper explains the amount of snow accumulation, snow-melting rates and their relationship with the forest vegetation, summarizes major research progresses in this field, introduces the main factors affecting from several aspects: canopy geometry, the distribution of trees, forest vegetation types and forest management activities, and so on. The main problems in related researches were also pointed out in present paper. For example, the spatial structure quantification of forest vegetation, scale issues in snow hydrological processes, and complexity of snow accumulation and ablation simulation. Finally, research trends and research priorities are presented. The goal of this paper aims to better understand the hydrological and landscape ecological significance of influence relation between forest vegetation patterns and snow distribution.