生态工程中群落模型植物灭螺机理研究

研究了夹竹桃、枫杨和羊蹄灭螺活性较强的正丁醇提取物和水提物对钉螺酯酶同工酶（EST）、糖原（Gn）和总蛋白（TPr）的生理生化影响。同工酶电泳分析表明，EST是动物体内一种重要的解毒酶系统，且是钉螺对外界刺激反应最强烈的同工酶之一，EST在整个提取物作用阶段变化明显，可作为钉螺中毒的病理指标。提取物能够显著地降低钉螺体内的糖原含量，在整体情况下，影响糖代谢的因素错综复杂，进行机制分析较为困难，可能是提取物对钉螺肝脏、消化道或酶综合作用的结果。提取物能够在一定程度上降低钉螺体内的蛋白质含量，但减少量不及糖原的减少那样显著，这表明灭螺药物对钉螺的致死作用可能更多地与使钉螺组织细胞中的能量代谢异常有关，但其生化机制还需进一步研究。实验从微观领域探究其对钉螺的杀伤机理，为最终构建人工灭螺植物群落提供理论依据。

MOLLUSCICIDAL ACTIVITY AND MECHANISM OF MODEL PLANTS IN ARTIFICIAL PHYTOCOENOSIS

The reaction of esterase (EST) isozyme, glycogen (Gn) and total protein (TPr) of snails to the extracts of Nerium indicum Mill, Pterocarya stenoptera DC and Rumex japonicum Houtt was studied. EST electrophoresis shows EST is an important antidotal enzyme system and reacts strong to environment. EST changes greatly during the whole treating period and can be viewed as pathological index of toxicity. Extracts can decrease glycogen content greatly. Many factors can affect the glycogen metabolism in snails. The decrease may be due to their effects to liver, alimentary canal or enzyme. Extracts can also decrease protein content, but not so greatly as to glycogen. It shows that energy metabolism abnormity is the major reason for the molluscicidal activities of extracts. The biochemical mechanism needs further research. The molluscicidal activity was explored from microcosmic aspect. The research will provide theoretical foundation for constructing artificial phytocoenos against snails.