6种硝基苯化合物对海洋生物的急性毒性研究（Study on the Acute Toxicity of Six Nitrobenzenes to Marine Organisms）

为研究硝基苯化合物对海洋生物的毒性,选择了6种代表性硝基苯化合物对小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)、黑鲷(Sparus macrocep)幼鱼和螠蛏(Siliqua minima)幼体进行了急性毒性实验,获得了这些化合物对这些生物体的急性毒性数据及环境安全浓度.实验结果表明:2,4-二硝基甲苯、2,4-二硝基氯苯、2,4-二氯硝基苯和邻二硝基苯对小球藻48h半数抑制浓度(EC50)分别为0.50、0.21、2.44和0.10mg·L-1,毒性顺序为邻二硝基苯(剧毒)>2,4-二硝基氯苯(剧毒)>2,4-二硝基甲苯(剧毒)>2,4-二氯硝基苯(高毒).2,4-二硝基氯苯、邻二硝基苯、2,4-二硝基甲苯、2,4-二氯硝基苯、对硝基苯胺和硝基苯对黑鲷幼鱼的96h半数致死浓度(LC50)分别为0.14、0.15、4.45、1.37、11.52和5.71mg·L-1,其安全浓度分别为:0.001、0.002、0.04、0.01、0.12、0.06mg·L-1,毒性顺序为2,4-二硝基氯苯(剧毒)>邻二硝基苯(剧毒)>2,4-二氯硝基苯(高毒)>2,4-二硝基甲苯(高毒)>硝基苯(高毒)>对硝基苯胺(中毒).2,4-二硝基氯苯、2,4-二硝基甲苯、2,4-二氯硝基苯、邻二硝基苯、硝基苯和对硝基苯胺对幼蛏的96h LC50分别为0.39、13.20、3.45、15.56、86.90和148.87mg·L-1,安全浓度分别为:0.004、0.13、0.03、0.16、0.87、1.49mg·L-1,毒性顺序为2,4-二硝基氯苯(剧毒)>2,4-二氯硝基苯(高毒)>2,4-二硝基甲苯(中毒)>邻二硝基苯(中毒)>硝基苯(中毒)>对硝基苯胺(低毒).

Study on the Acute Toxicity of Six Nitrobenzenes to Marine Organisms

Acute toxicity and safety concentration of six representatives of nitrobenzenes on Chlorella vulgaris,larval Sparus macrocep and larval Siliqua minima were studied in this paper.Results showed that the 48h half effect concentration(EC50) values of 2,4-Dinitrotoluene,2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene,2,4-Dichloronitrobenzene and 1,2-Dinitrobenzene on Chlorella vulgaris were 0.50,0.21,2.44 and 0.10mg·L-1,respectively.The toxicity order was as follows: 1,2-Dinitrobenzene(extreme toxicity)>2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene(extreme toxicity)>2,4-Dinitrotoluene(extreme toxicity)>2,4-Dichloronitrobenzene(high toxicity).The 96h half lethal concentration(LC50)values of 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene,1,2-Dinitrobenzene,2,4-Dinitrotoluene,2,4-Dichloronitrobenzene,4-Nitroaniline and Nitrobenzene on the larval Sparus macrocep were 0.14,0.15,4.45,1.37,11.52 and 5.71mg·L-1,respectively,and the safe concentrations of them were 0.001,0.002,0.04,0.01,0.12 and 0.06mg·L-1,respectively.The toxicity order of these compounds was 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene(extreme toxicity)>1,2-Dinitrobenzene(extreme toxicity)>2,4-Dichloronitrobenzene(high toxicitgy)>2,4-Dinitrotoluene(high toxicity)>Nitrobenzene(high toxicity)>4-Nitroaniline(moderate toxicity).The 96h LC50 values of 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene,2,4-Dinitrotoluene,2,4-Dichloronitrobenzene,1,2-Dinitrobenzene,Nitrobenzene,and 4-Nitroaniline on the larval Siliqua minima were 0.39,13.20,3.45,15.56,86.90 and 148.87mg·L-1,respectively,and the safe concentrations of them were 0.004,0.13,0.03,0.16,0.87 and 1.49mg·L-1,respectively.The toxicity order of these compounds was 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene(extreme toxicity)>2,4-Dichloronitrobenzene(high toxicity)>2,4-Dinitrotoluene(moderate toxicity)>1,2-Dinitrobenzene(moderate toxicity)>Nitrobenzene(moderate toxicity)>4-Nitroaniline(low toxicity).