石油污染土壤的植物修复研究进展

石油的开采、加工、输送及使用过程中,对大气、土壤、水体带来了严重污染,对土壤环境的危害尤为严重。植物修复以其处理成本低、吸收污染物的生物量大等优点已成为人们普遍能接受的去除污染物的首选技术。植物主要通过三种途径去除土壤中有机污染物,即植物直接吸收有机污染物;释放分泌物和酶,刺激根区微生物活性和生物转化作用;增强根区的矿化作用。植物修复石油烃污染土壤的影响因素有:环境条件、污染物的浓度和滞留时间、营养元素、表面活性剂、根系分布等。通过植物-微生物联合修复、机械-微生物-植物多技术联用等措施,可提高石油烃的降解率。

RESEARCH ON PROGRESS IN PHYTOREMEDY OF PETROLEUM CONTAMINATED SOIL

Oil extraction,processing,transport and use have brought serious pollution of the atmosphere,soil,and water.Phytoremediation,due to its low cost and absorbing a large quantity of biological pollution,has become a widely acceptable technique of choice for removal of contaminants.Organic contaminants in soil were removed mainly through three ways that plants directly absorb organic pollutants,release secretions and enzyme to stimulate microbial activity and root zone biotransformation,enhance the role of the root zone of mineralization.Factors of phytoremediation included environmental conditions,the concentration and residence time of pollutants,nutrients,surfactants and root distribution.The plant-microbe joint repair,mechanical-microbes-plant multi-technology combined with other measures,can increase the degradation rate of petroleum hydrocarbons.