雨洪管理措施的水环境效应差异——基于Meta的中国案例分析

雨洪管理措施的应用可有效控制雨水径流量及其污染物,系统分析雨洪管理措施对径流及其污染物的影响有助于理解雨洪管理的水环境效应。本文基于Meta方法整理国内已发表的文献案例,通过提取雨洪管理措施的类型、应用尺度、降雨特征及径流量和污染物削减率等信息,综述了雨洪管理措施应用后径流量和污染物的变化。结果表明：（1）不同雨洪管理措施所产生的水环境效应存在差异,样本中屋顶绿化的径流削减能力最强,透水铺装的径流污染物削减效果最佳;（2）雨洪管理措施对水环境的影响具有尺度效应,大尺度区域内雨洪管理措施对径流量削减作用较弱,而小尺度区域内径流污染物削减作用较弱;（3）雨洪管理措施对径流量及其污染物的削减能力随降雨量增加呈下降趋势。结合案例数据,系统分析了雨洪管理措施在径流量及其污染物控制效果上的差异及成因,可为径流调控与污染治理等实践提供理论参考。

Water environmental response under varying implication of stormwater management measures:Based on cases in China

Stormwater management measures can effectively control the runoff volume and rainwater pollutants.This study presented a systematic analysis of the impacts of stormwater management measures on runoff volume and pollutants in order to understand water environmental effects of stormwater management based on a meta-analysis method.A pool of studies identified by a literature search were analyzed to extract the information on the types of stormwater management measures,application scale,rainfall conditions,reduction rate of runoff volume and pollutants and to review the variation of runoff and pollutants under different stormwater management measures.The results of statistical analysis show that:(1)Different types of stormwater management measures generateed different water environment effects(e.g.,green roof had the strongest runoff reduction capacity,while permeable pavement had the strongest runoff pollution reduction effect);(2)The impacts of stormwater management measures were scale-sensitive,namely,large areas had lower average rates of runoff reduction and small areas had lower average rates of pollutions reduction;(3)With the increase of rainfall,the capacity of stormwater management measures to reduce runoff and pollutant concentration showed a decreasing trend.Through the systematic analysis of existing cases,the research demonstrated differences in water environmental effects of controlling runoff volume and runoff pollutant,as well as the key factors behind such differences.The results can provide theoretical references for runoff regulation and runoff pollution treatment in stormwater management.