面向国土空间规划的“双评价”：抗解问题与有限理性

资源环境承载能力和国土空间开发适宜性评价（即“双评价”）被视为国土空间规划编制的科学基础和约束条件。通过分析和总结当前国土空间规划编制中开展的“双评价”工作,发现“双评价”在发挥积极作用的同时,仍然存在对影响资源环境承载力能力和国土空间开发适宜性的科学机理认识不足、评价技术方法不完善、应用制度不健全等问题。未来需要面向生态文明理念下国土空间规划的现实需求,完善“双评价”的科学逻辑、技术逻辑和应用逻辑,提升“双评价”的科学性和实用性。同时,也应认识到国土空间规划本质上是个抗解问题,“双评价”只能发挥有限理性作用,应重视通过沟通交流、公众参与等方式应对国土空间规划编制中的具体问题,避免陷入技术决定论的误区。

The"Double Evaluation"under the context of spatial planning:Wicked problems and restricted rationality

Resources and environment carrying capacity evaluation and spatial development suitability evaluation(referred to as"Double Evaluation")are considered as scientific basis and developing constraints of spatial planning.This paper analyzes and summarizes the"Double Evaluation"work in current spatial planning.The"Double Evaluation"plays an active role,but it has many problems,including insufficient recognition on the scientific nature and internal mechanisms of resources and environment carrying capacity and spatial development suitability,imperfect evaluation methods and application system,and so on.This paper intends to put forward the realistic needs of spatial planning under the concept of ecological civilization.And it is necessary to improve the scientific logic,technical logic and application logic of"Double Evaluation",so that we can improve the scientificity and practicability of"Double Evaluation".At the same time,it should be recognized that essential problems of spatial planning are wicked problems as"Double Evaluation"can only play a limited rational role.We should solve such problems through communication and cooperation so as to avoid falling into the misunderstanding of technical rationality.