基于位置大数据的村域尺度多功能性评价——以苏州市为例

村域尺度的多功能性评价对于揭示乡村空间由同质性向异质性分化发展具有重要意义。研究将探索乡村空间行为主体的活动变化作为多功能性评价的新思路,基于位置大数据反映的人类活动规律,构建了乡村空间居住、就业和消费三大功能指数,并就苏州市以农业和生态用地为主的陆巷村和众安桥村、建设用地为主的集善村和周泾村进行了实证分析。结果显示：具有相似区位条件和地域特征的乡村空间在工作日、双休日、节假日表现出不同的主导功能,可进一步划分为农旅结合型、兼业竞争型,以及现代园区型、城镇生活型。作为大数据方法在乡村地理学领域的一次有益尝试,研究结论可为乡村振兴战略提出的分类推进乡村发展提供科学借鉴。

Evaluation of multifunctionality on village scale using location-based big data:A case study of Suzhou

Currently,China is in a stage of economic and social transformation,with an accelerated restructuring of urban-rural space,the redistribution and reorganization of production factor resources plays an important role in the transformation of rural space by promoting not only dynamic and pattern conversion but also a reconfiguration of functions and values.In the context of urbanization,rural settlements in Suzhou have manifested a diversified development pattern.Many villages have been urbanized,even more than towns.However,other villages have begun to transform towards specialization,such as historical and cultural protected villages,tourism villages,industrial villages,and modern agricultural villages.In light of these facts,rural development in Suzhou presents complex patterns of differentiation and reorganization,which means in the process of globalization,rural localities will not perish,and rural space will retain its diversity and otherness.Multifunctional rural space gives full play to comparative advantage,and the core value belongs to rural territory in urban-rural systems,indicating that the transformation of rural space is not simply a linear substitution of one by another.With rapid urbanization,rural space will not come to end but will become more diversified.Evaluation of multifunctionality on village scale is of importance to revealing differentiated development of rural space transforming from homogeneity to heterogeneity.Taking the exploration on activities variation of behaviour subject in rural space as a new approach,this study originally creates function index of habitat,work and consumption according to the patterns of human mobilities using location-based big data,and conducts an empirical analysis of Luxiang and Zhonganqiao villages mainly consisting of agricultural and ecological land,as well as Jishan and Zhoujing villages where construction land dominates.Results show that villages with similar regional characteristics have different dominant functions considering index change on weekday,weekend and holiday.Luxiang and Zhonganqiao villages are divided into two types:the combination of agriculture and tourism,and the competition of various industries.Jishan and Zhoujing villages are divided as another two types:modern industrial park,and urban community.As an attempt of big data application in rural geography,this study could provide references for classification development proposed in the national strategy of rural vitalization.