公众聚集场所人群疏散基础数据的分析

针对直接利用国外的人群疏散基础数据进行我国公共聚集场所人群疏散的模拟将会产生不准确的预测结果、导致这些场所人员安全得不到保证的问题,通过对大量国内外相关数据的搜集、整理和分析,确定了6种基础数据是建立疏散模型和开发疏散模拟软件的必备基础,包括:人员类型和人群的组成、人员水平投影面积和形状、人员密度、人员行走速度、边界效应宽度和预动作时间;总结出获取基础数据的4种主要方法,即直接观测和录像观测、人群疏散演习、个体试验和问卷调查;并确定了可在现有资料中直接获得并使用的数据以及仍需要进一步研究确定的数据。研究结论为公共聚集场所人群疏散问题的研究提供了参考和依据。

Analysis on the Original Data of Crowd Evacuation in Public Gathering Places

The direct use of the original data about crowd evacuation from other countries would lead to incorrect conclusions and affect the evacuation of crowds.To overcome this problem,6 types of original data are firstly identified necessary for evacuation models on the basis of the collection and analysis of large quantity of related data at home and abroad,namely,types of occupants and crowds,horizontal projection area and shape of occupants,occupant density,occupant speed,effective width and pre-movement time.Then,4 methods about how to obtain original data are summarized,which includes observations,evacuation rehearse,individual test and surveys.Furthermore,the data that can be directly used and that needs further studying are determined.The conclusion could be referred for the further research.