我国自然资源的形成和分布

我国是世界大国之一,土地面积约960×10⁴km²,占全球陆地总面积的6.5%,人口超过10亿,约占世界人口总数的23%。在这片辽阔的国土上,自然地理环境复杂多样,自然资源丰富多采,为工农业生产提供了可靠的物质基础。但是,由于人口众多,平均每人占有各种自然资源却较少,一般都低于世界平均数。况且,在我国许多地区,森林的滥伐,水土的流失,土地的退化,环境的污染等方面都已达到了十分严重的程度。因此,如何

FORMATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF NATURAL RESOURCES IN CHINA

China's natural resources are quite rich. Yet, owing to a very hrge population, per capita share of different natural resources is rather low.Major factors governing the formation and distribution of different resources include: a vast territory, a mid-latitudinal and east-coastal location, the mountainous landform and the huge impact of human activities. These factors are closely interrelated and usually work together.Most renewable natural resources, including arable land resources, climatic resources, water resources and biological resources are mainly distributed according to the integration of horizontal zonation (mainly determined by temperature and moisture elements) and vertical zonation (mainly determined by topography and landform elements); azonal factors such as geological structure and human impacts are sometimes also significant. Mineral resources which are non-renewable are mainly determined by geological structure and thus distributed very unevenly.Different natural resources are thus characterized by their close interrelationship and conspicuous areal differentiation. Consequently, they should be developed comprehensively by an overall planning.