基于生态系统服务价值的京津冀城市群湿地主导服务功能研究

湿地是地球三大生态系统之一,在气候调节、水资源供给、净化环境等方面具有重要的价值和作用。基于1990-2015年6期土地生态遥感解译数据和社会经济数据,通过修正生态系统服务价值当量因子和计算湿地价值的内外部贡献率,利用GIS定量研究了京津冀城市群及各个城市25年间不同湿地类型、不同功能生态系统服务价值的变化,并基于此进行功能定位。结果表明：（1）京津冀城市群湿地的生态系统服务价值呈现先上升后波动下降的趋势,2015年湿地价值较1990年上升了29.3亿元,主要是由于河渠、水库坑塘价值的增加,以及水文调节、水资源供给价值的增加;（2）京津冀城市群的13个城市中,天津市生态系统服务价值最高,且东部沿海区域湿地价值有增加趋势,南部内陆城市不仅湿地面积少且价值逐年下降;（3）水文调节、水资源供给和净化环境是京津冀城市群大部分城市湿地的主导功能,而河渠、水库坑塘、滩地则是提供服务功能的主要湿地类型。生态系统服务价值的减少与增加都与人类活动密切相关,因此了解湿地价值的变化趋势及变化原因,明确湿地的功能定位,不仅可以增强人们对湿地生态的保护意识,同时也为未来京津冀地区湿地的修复、恢复及可持续利用提供科学依据。

Study on the wetland leading service function of Jing-Jin-Ji Urban Agglomeration based on the ecosystem service value

Wetland is one of the three major ecosystems of the Earth, which plays an important role in climate regulation, water supply and environmental purification. Based on the land ecological remote sensing interpretation data and socio-economic data from 1990 to 2015, this research quantitatively studied the change of ecosystem service value of different wetland types and different functions in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (Jing-Jin-Ji) Urban Agglomeration and each city by modifying the ecosystem service equivalent value, and the wetland function was orientated by calculating the internal and external contribution rates of the wetland value. The results showed that: (1) The ecosystem service value of wetland in Jing-Jin-Ji Urban Agglomeration showed a trend of rising first and then wavily descending. The wetland value in 2015 increased by 2.93×10⁹ yuan compared with 1990, mainly due to the increase of the value of river canals, reservoirs and ponds, as well as the increase of hydrological regulation value and water supply value. (2) Among the 13 cities in the Jing-Jin-Ji Urban Agglomeration, Tianjin had the highest ecosystem services value, and wetland value in the eastern coastal regions had increased. Inland cities in the south not only had a small wetland area, but their value had also declined year by year. (3) Hydrological regulation, water supply and environmental purification were the dominant functions of most urban wetlands in the urban agglomeration, while river canals, reservoirs and flood land were the main types of wetlands that provided service functions. The reduction and increase of ecosystem services value were closely related to human activities. Therefore, understanding the changing trend of wetland value and clarifying the functional orientation of wetland can not only enhance people's awareness of wetland ecological protection, but also provide scientific basis for the protection, restoration and sustainable use of wetland in the Jing-Jin-Ji Urban Agglomeration in the future.