兰州市采暖期和非采暖期大气降尘重金属的分布特征及来源

在兰州市设置6个采样点,于2010年4月至2018年3月每月采集大气降尘样品,测定其中的重金属(Fe、 Mn、 Zn、 Pb、 Cr、 Cu、 Ni和Cd)含量,探究重金属的时空变化规律,并综合运用偏相关分析、富集因子法和主成分分析法判别大气降尘中重金属的来源.结果表明,兰州市大气降尘中重金属的平均含量依次为:Fe>Mn>Zn>Pb>Cr>Cu>Ni>Cd,其中Cd、 Zn和Pb都存在一定的污染.从时间角度来看,除地壳元素Fe和Mn外,其他元素的含量大都表现为采暖期>非采暖期,其中2011年和2013年中各元素在非采暖期和采暖期的含量差异较大.从空间角度来看,各区域的非采暖期和采暖期存在一定的差异,但除Zn和Cd外,其他元素在各区域之间的差异不大.源解析结果表明,兰州市大气降尘重金属在非采暖期主要来源于工业源,其次是交通源和扬尘源;在采暖期主要来源于燃煤、交通和工业活动,其次是二次扬尘和自然源.

Distribution Characteristics and Sources of Heavy Metals in Atmospheric Deposition During Heating and Non-heating Period in Lanzhou

Six sampling sites were set up in Lanzhou City, and atmospheric deposition samples were collected from April 2010 to March 2018. Subsequently, the concentration of heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Zn, Pb, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Cd) was determined to explore the temporal and spatial characteristics of heavy metals. Finally, partial correlation analysis, the enrichment factor method, and the principal component analysis method were used to identify the source of heavy metals in the atmospheric deposition. The results show that the ranking of average heavy metal content in the atmospheric deposition in Lanzhou from high to low was Fe > Mn > Zn > Pb > Cr > Cu > Ni > Cd, and Cd, Zn, and Pb were all polluted. In terms of time, except for Fe and Mn, the other elements mostly showed a trend of higher content in the heating period than that in the non-heating period, and the contents of each element in the non-heating period and the heating period in 2011 and 2013 were significantly different. In terms of sites, there were certain differences between the non-heating period and the heating period in each region; however, the differences among elements were not significant except for Zn and Cd. The source analysis results show that in the non-heating period, the heavy metals in the atmospheric deposition in Lanzhou mainly came from industrial sources, followed by traffic sources and fugitive dust sources. In the heating period, the heavy metals in the atmospheric deposition in Lanzhou mainly came from coal-burning, transportation, and industry activities, followed by secondary dust and natural sources.