澳大利亚尾矿治理现状及先进技术综述

澳大利亚在尾矿治理方面拥有先进的技术,处于国际领先水平,并提出了基于风险的矿山生命周期法,确保尾矿对环境造成的风险控制在可接受的低水平内。介绍了澳大利亚在尾矿治理方面的普遍性经验,主要包括尾矿浓缩、尾矿覆盖系统的设计以及尾矿的植被恢复。并在此基础上总结了澳大利亚尾矿治理的先进技术,包括脱水尾矿、联合处置、膏体石、空穴充填、地貌恢复及尾矿回收等环节,并且以澳大利亚3个矿区为例,证明了这些先进技术的可行性。

CURRENT SITUATION AND ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES OF TAILINGS MANAGEMENT IN AUSTRALIA

The advanced techniques for tailing management in Australia is at the global leading level，and the method of life circle assessment based on the risk of a mine is put forward，so as to insure that the risks during the design，operation，closure and reclamation of a tailings storage facility could be controlled at a acceptable low level． Universal experiences of Australia in tailings management are introduced in this paper，including tailings concentration，cover system design and vegetation restoration of tailings． On this basics，progressive technologies of tailing management in Australia have also been summarized， including dewatering tailings，combining disposal，paste，empty hole filling，landscape restoration and tailings recovery respectively，which are proved to be feasible by exampling three mine sites in Australia．