渭河流域陕西段的生态安全分析

流域生态安全的研究对干旱、半干旱地区十分重要,而水资源的安全则是实现流域生态安全的基本途径.分析结果表明,20世纪90年代以来,渭河流域以河川径流显著减少,河流水质急剧恶化及下游洪水频发,泥沙淤积为主要表现的生态安全问题日益突出.水资源的过度开发利用和废污水的无序排放以及潼关高程不断抬升,行洪能力降低等是诱发生态安全问题的主要因素.以流域生态安全为目标,以水资源可持续开发利用为入手点,提出了解决渭河流域生态安全问题的可能对策.

Analysis on eco-environmental safety of Weihe River Basin in Shaanxi Province

The paper aims to present the author's analysis results of the current pollution situation of the Weihe River Basin in Shaan'xi Province so as to find better ways to guarantee the eco-environmental safety of the area As is known,Weihe River is the mother river of Shaanxi Province,whose ecological quality not only affects the local economic development directly,but also influence the water situation of the Yellow River.Through an analysis of the actual statistic records,the results of our analysis indicate that since 1990',the water waste and pollution in the River Basin area has been becoming more and more serious,including the extravagant use and mindless runoff of the precious water at the upper reaches,quickening water quality deterioration in the middle reaches,flood-incidence rate and ever-accelerating sand-sedimentation at the lower reaches.In addition,the environmental geological problems induced by the long-lasting lowering of the groundwater level also contributes to the deterioration of drinking water sources in the urban areas along the river.As to the reasons for the above problems,the chief ones are over-exploitation of water(both the surface water resource and the groundwater resource)and the illegal discharge of sewage,Tongguan riverbed up-lifting and the reduction of flood sections.In order to guarantee the ecological safety and the sustainable economic development from the point of view of quality water supply,it is urgent to take effective and feasible countermeasures,including constructions of new hydraulic projects,pollution control stations,adjustment of industrial structure,popularization of water-saving knowledge and technology,maintenance of water resource as well as comprehensive measures for eco-environment protection.