上海海域溢油生态环境风险区划研究

上海海域海洋资源丰富,对于现今频发的溢油事故,开展相应的生态环境风险区划研究,对事故周边生态敏感资源采取及时有效防护,特别是饮用水源地的保护是尤为迫切和重要的。结合上海海域生态敏感资源分布情况和溢油特征信息,利用灰色模糊综合评价法,对海域生态敏感区敏感系数进行模糊评判,综合分析历年溢油事故及船舶流量统计资料,基于GIS平台对事故高发区污染源周边生态敏感区进行风险等级划分,以大比例尺上海海域溢油生态环境风险区划图直观反应溢油影响范围、高风险区和生态敏感资源保护顺序等信息,为事发后海域应急响应工作提供简便快捷的基础性分析依据。

ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ZONING OF OIL SPILLS IN SHANGHAI OCEAN AREA

With the new situation of vigorously developing and utilizing marine resources, the industry chain of offshore oil exploitation and transportation has tremendously developed. However, it increases the risk of marine oil spill incidents, despite the huge economic benefits. As an important fishery resource area in China, Shanghai ocean area has abundant maritime resources, important ecological protection zones and water channels, without the current and effective monitoring and controlling actions, the potential oil spill pollution will seriously threaten the marine ecosystem, in addition to huge economic losses. It's particularly urgent and vital to develop the ecological environmental risk zoning and to protect the sensitive resources, especially the important source of drinking water in Shanghai. In this paper, combined with the distribution information of sensitive ecological resources around Shanghai waters and the feature information of oil spills, the method of grey fuzzy comprehensive evaluation was applied to establish a fuzzy evaluation of the sensitivity coefficient of ecological sensitive area. We combined qualitative and quantitative approaches to make the evaluation results rational and scientific. Furthermore, based on GIS platform, we classified the risk of ecological sensitive area which is nearby the pollution source with high frequency of accident by comprehensively analyzing the statistical information of the oil spill accidents over the years and the flow of ships. Putting together, the information of influence range of oil spills, high risk areas and protection order of ecological sensitive resources can be reflected directly, according to the large-scale map of ecological environmental risk zoning of oil spills in Shanghai waters, thus providing fundamental analysis for the emergency response work after the ocean accidents. From the results, we can get the following three points. First of all, the sensitive coefficient of drinking water source area in Shanghai ocean area is the highest. Secondly, the shipping area near the Wusong Port of downstream of Huangpu River, retention and seashore scenic and tourist area are always the high incidence areas in this place. Thirdly, the order of sensitive resources protection priority around the high oil spill incidence areas is drinking water source area, marine nature reserve, agricultural and fishery resources utilization and conservation area, seaside scenic spot, reserve, shipping, and industrial and urban marine using area. Our results not only help to control the risk of oil spills, but also help to reduce the loss of ecology and social economy from the future accidents. Moreover, it also has positive guiding significance to marine ecological compensation legislation and sensitive resources protection in high incidence area. In the future, characteristics of sensitive resources, harmfulness of oil, classification of oil quantity and simulation image of oil spill trajectory should be added to make difference management and remediation of oil spill pollution, especially to strengthen the shipping pollution prevention and control system of important water source area like Qingcaosha reservoir and other sensitive waters