添加不同 N源条件下典型除草剂对土壤呼吸和 N2O排放的影响

通过室内土壤培养实验,采用间歇密闭培养-气相色谱法研究了添加不同N源条件下我国典型旱地除草剂对农田土壤呼吸和N2O排放的影响.结果表明,在添加（NH4）2SO4氮源条件下,莠去津和百草枯对土壤呼吸和N2O排放无显著影响（P〉0.05）.草甘膦显著抑制了土壤呼吸（P〈0.05）,是对照的78.5%,N2O的排放无显著影响（P〉0.05）,仅表现为均值降低了20.1%.苯磺隆显著促进了土壤呼吸（P〈0.05）,是对照的1.1倍,对N2O排放也无显著影响（P〉0.05）.乙草胺显著促进了土壤呼吸和N2O的排放（P〈0.05）,分别是对照的1.1和1.5倍.在添加尿素的条件下,莠去津和乙草胺对土壤呼吸和N2O排放无显著影响（P〉0.05）.百草枯显著促进了N2O的排放（P〈0.05）,是对照的1.4倍,却对土壤呼吸无显著影响（P〉0.05）.草甘膦显著抑制了土壤呼吸（P〈0.05）,仅为对照的82.5%,对N2O的排放却无显著影响（P〉0.05）.苯磺隆显著促进了土壤呼吸和N2O的排放（P〈0.05）,其分别是对照的1.3和1.6倍.鉴于不同除草剂对不同微生物生理代谢影响的复杂性,其对温室气体的作用和影响还需长期田间试验研究.

Effects of Typical Herbicides on Soil Respiration and N2O Emissions from Soil Added with Different Nitrogen Fertilizers

To investigate the effects of typical herbicides on soil respiration and N2O emissions from soil added with different nitrogen fertilizers, a laboratory incubation experiment was carried out using a modified gas chromatograph (Agilent 4890D) method. The results showed that with (NH4)2SO4 amendment, soil respiration and N2O emissions from the Atrazine and Paraquat treatments had no significant difference in comparison to the control (P > 0.05). Glyphosate significantly inhibited soil respiration by 21.5% (P < 0.05) and had no obvious influence on N2O emissions (P > 0.05). Tribenuron-methyl significantly promoted soil respiration with the increase of 14.3% (P < 0.05) and also had no obvious influence on N2O emissions (P > 0.05). Acetochlor significantly increased soil respiration and N2O emissions (P < 0.05) with the increase of 6.1% and 45.1%, respectively. With urea application, Atrazine and Acetochlor had no significant influence on soil respiration and N2O emissions (P > 0.05). Paraquat increased N2O emissions significantly (P < 0.05)with the increase of 43.5% and had no significant influence on soil respiration ( P > 0.05). Glyphosate significantly inhibited soil respiration by 17.5% (P < 0.05), and had no significant influence on N2O emissions (P > 0.05). Tribenuron-methyl enhanced soil respiration and N2O emissions significantly (P < 0.05), and its soil respiration and N2O emissions were 1.3 and 1.6 times higher than those from the control. Due to the complexity of effects of different herbicides on microbial physiological metabolism, long-term in-situ studies need to be carried out to better understand the effect of various herbicides on greenhouse gas emissions.