环境样品免疫检测基质效应分析与控制

免疫检测技术以其特异性强、灵敏度高、分析容量大、反应速度快、检测费用低廉等优点,逐渐成为环境样品大规模快速筛查和预警监测的首选技术.由于免疫检测无需样品预处理、能实现对样品的在线检测,因此环境样品中复杂的基质可能对免疫检测产生非常大的干扰和影响.以水环境中微囊藻毒素-LR的酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测为基础,系统地考察了环境样品中各种背景基质对ELISA检测的影响,评价了各个基质的影响规律和程度,并研究提出了相应的控制和消除各不利影响的方法,最后统一提出水环境样品免疫检测抗基质效应干扰的控制方案,即采用10×PBS＋1%BSA＋0.5%EDTA作为免疫检测反应的缓冲体系,能有效消除各基质效应对免疫检测的干扰.该方案同样适应于其它不需要对环境样品进行预处理的免疫检测技术.

Matrix Effect and Control of Immunoassay for Environmental Samples

Immunoassay provides very specific, highly sensitive, rapid, and cost-effective analyses for a variety of environmental contaminants. Since the immunoassay detects the environmental samples without pre-treatment, the interferences caused by various matrixes of environmental samples are a major problem, which can greatly affect the detection results. In this paper, based on the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of Microcystin-LR (MC-LR), the effect of many kinds of matrixes on ELISA was systematically analyzed, and the corresponding method to control or eliminate the disbennifit effect was proposed. Finally, an integrated and packaged strategy-using the following buffer system as a diluent, i.e. 0.1 mol·L^-1 pH 7.4 PBS (10×PBS) containing 1% BSA, 0.5% EDTA and 40 g·L^-1 sodium chloride-was given to control the overall matrix effects of environmental samples on ELISA detection. This strategy is also applicable to other kinds of immunoassays for environmental samples.