长江上游地区生态重建的经济补偿机制探析

长江上游地区生态环境日益恶化是全社会关注的问题。生态重建面临着一系列问题 ,如经济、粮食、就业等问题 ,其中经济问题是最根本的 ,仅靠上游地区是难以解决的。就此问题 ,笔者根据生态环境资源有偿使用并兼顾效率与公平的原则 ,运用对策思维方法 ,提出建立经济补偿机制 ,实行内部补偿、外部补偿和代际补偿相结合的补偿模式 ,实现长江流域经济、生态、社会协调发展。在生态重建初期 ,以外部补偿和代际补偿为主 ,内部补偿为补充 ;待上游地区经济补偿能力提高以后 ,则以内部补偿为主 ,外部补偿和代际补偿为补充。内部补偿重点在于挖掘自身的经济潜力 ;外部补偿的最佳模式是进行造血式经济补偿 ;代际补偿除给予资金支持外 ,还表现为创造良好的政策环境。

ECONOMIC COMPENSATION FOR ECO RECONSTRUCTION IN UPPER BASIN OF THE YANGTZE RIVER

The deterioration of eco environment in the upper basin of Yangtze has attracted the attention of the public. In the course of eco reconstruction,many problems will be encountered, such as occupation problem,food problem and financial problem. Financial problem is rudimentary. The people in the upper basin of the Yangtze River may not be able to complete the eco reconstruction on their own. According to the principles of pay use,and considering efficiency and fairness and utilizing the thinking of game theory, the authors proposed the building of an economic compensation system in combination of the inner compensation, outer compensation and gap compensation in order to turn the coordination among the economics, environment and society into reality. In the early period of eco reconstruction,the external compensation and gap compensation are the major steps and the internal compensation may be complementary; After the economics in the upper basin has been improved,the internal compensation is the major steps,while external and gap compensations are complementary.The internal compensation is to explore the latent potential of resource and economics in the upper basin,external to enhance the ability of creation of the upper basin,gap to create better policy environment,in addition to investment.