基于土地利用变化的赤水河流域生态系统服务价值变化分析

以赤水河流域1990年、1999年、2010年和2018年的遥感解译土地利用数据为依据，采用经本地化校正的当量因子法和GIS空间分析技术，分析赤水河流域28年间的土地利用变化特征、生态系统服务价值（ESV）变化特征以及土地利用变化对ESV变化的影响。结果表明：1990—2018年，赤水河流域耕地、草地和未利用地面积减少，建设用地、林地和水域面积增加；土地转换以耕地—林地—草地之间的相互流转和建设用地对耕地与草地的侵占为主。1990—2018年，赤水河流域ESV从411.90亿元增至413.54亿元，林地是ESV的主要贡献部分，水域面积增加是ESV增加的主要影响因素，ESV空间分布呈现出中游高、上下游低的特征，高值区域与林地分布高度重叠。城市建设用地连续扩张引起ESV降低，林地和水域、耕地和草地因面积变化分别对ESV贡献呈正、负效应，农村与城镇人口结构变化、退耕还林和流域生态治理等政策的实施则促进了ESV增加。

Ecosystem service value change analysis of Chishui River Basin based on land use change

Based on the remote sensing interpreted land use data of Chishui River basin in 1990, 1999, 2010 and 2018, the localization-corrected equivalent factor method and GIS spatial analysis techniques were used to analyze the land use change characteristics, the ecosystem services value (ESV) change characteristics and the effects of land use change on the change of ESV. The results showed that the area of cultivated land, grassland and unused land decreased, and the area of construction land, forest land and water increased from 1990 to 2018. The land use transfer was mainly reflected in the mutual flow between cultivated land-forest-grassland and the encroachment of construction land on cultivated land and grassland. From 1990 to 2018, ESV increased from 41.190 billion yuan to 41.354 billion yuan in Chishui River basin, forest land was the main contributing part of ESV, and the increase of water area was the main influencing factor of the increase of ESV. The spatial distribution of ESV showed the characteristics of "high in the middle reaches, low in the upper and lower reaches", and the distribution of high value areas overlapped highly with that of forest land. The continuous expansion of urban construction land caused a decrease in ESV, and forest land and watershed, and cropland and grassland contributed positively and negatively to ESV due to area changes, respectively. The implementation of policies such as the change of population structure between rural and urban areas, the return of farmland to forest and watershed ecological management had promoted an increase to ESV.