我国底栖动物重金属积累量的初步研究

根据国内外文献报道,对我国主要水体中大型底栖动物(双壳类、螺类、蟹类和虾类)体内重金属Cd、Cr、Pb和Cu的含量水平进行系统地总结和分析。结果表明,双壳类、螺类、蟹类和虾类体内Cr的几何均值分别为1.03、0.96、2.03和0.35 mg/kg;Cd的Box-Cox均值大小为1.11、0.68、0.13、0.12 mg/kg;Pb的Box-Cox均值分别为0.31、0.43、1.29和0.35 mg/kg;Cu的Box-Cox均值分别为7.87、19.70、70.60和10.10 mg/kg。参照中国无公害食品水产品有毒有害物质限量(NY 5073-2006),甲壳类动物Pb超标严重,超标率为43.50%,其次是Cd(22.51%)、C(r19.12%),Cu的超标率最小,为16.50%;软体动物中Cd的超标率高达34.41%,其次是C(r22.19%)、Pb(18.21%),Cu的超标率最小,为16.02%。结合我国居民的平均水产品消费量计算得到Cd、Cr、Pb和Cu的摄入量低于其允许摄入量,其对人体的健康风险还需要进一步深入研究。

Preliminary Study on Heavy Metals in Aquatic Macrobenthos in Freshwater of China

Concentrations,distributions and variation features of heavy metals such as Cd,Cr,Pb and Cu in benthic macro invertebrates including bivalve,snail,crab and shrimp were summarized and analyzed based on the reported data in the published literatures.Results indicated that geometric means of Cr were 1.03,0.96,2.03 and 0.35 mg/kg in the bivalve,snail,crab and shrimp respectively.Box-Cox means of Cd were 1.11,0.68,0.13,0.12 mg/kg in bivalve,snail,crab and shrimp respectively.Box-Cox means of Pb were 0.31,0.43,1.29 and 0.35 mg/kg in bivalve,snail,crab and shrimp respectively.Box-Cox means of Cu were 7.87,19.70,70.60 and 10.10 mg/kg in bivalve,snail,crab and shrimp respectively.For the crustaceans,Pb concentrations in 43.50% of samples were higher than the aquatic food standard of 0.5 mg/kg set by China,followed by Cd and Cr concentrations,accounting for 22.51% and 19.12%.Cu concentration in 16.50% of crustacean samples was higher than the limited value of 50 mg/kg.The percentage of mollusk samples which exceeded the limited values for contaminants in aquatic food were close to 34.41% for Cd,22.19% for Cr,18.21% for Pb and 16.02% for Cu.The intake values of trace metals were lower compared with the acceptable intake values,and further study is needed to assess the risk to human from heavy metals.