静态扬尘对呼吸途径健康风险评价的影响

为了解呼吸暴露途径下污染场地静态扬尘对人体健康的影响，以空气动力学气固两相理论为基础，预测露天堆场近地面扬尘中PM10浓度。并以《污染场地风险评估技术导则》（HJ 25.3-2014）推荐的暴露评估模型和美国环保局推荐的人体健康风险评估模型，评估Cd、Cr、As、Ni和Hg对人体健康的危害。结果表明：研究区域重金属的致癌风险和非致癌风险与近地面PM10浓度呈现线性增加的趋势，下风向的居住区、商业区和旅游区PM10浓度达到0.30、0.30和0.15 mg·m-3。健康风险评估结果表明，当PM10浓度 >0.05 mg·m-3时，As、Cd、Cr暴露致癌发生率（R）均超过10-6，对暴露人群有致癌风险。当PM10浓度 >0.2 mg·m-3时，Cd和As的非致癌危害商超过阈值1，对人体健康存在威胁。Ni和Hg风险评估结果均低于风险阈值，风险水平较低。

Effect of health risk assessment of static dust impacting on breathing exposure way

To research static dust, its influence on exposed breathing pathways, and its hazards to human health around a typical open-air industrial pollution area, a prediction model of PM10 concentration near the ground was proposed, based on the two phase gas-solid aerodynamic theory. The carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of Cr, Cd, As, Hg, and Ni were analyzed in the study area using the exposure assessment model from China's Technical Guidelines for Risk Assessment of Contaminated Sites (HJ 25.3-2014) and the human health risk assessment model from the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). The results show that carcinogenic risks and noncarcinogenic risks had a positive linear relationship with PM10 concentration, and the PM10 concentrations of residential, commercial, and tourist areas were 0.30, 0.30 and 0.15 mg·m-3, respectively. The results of the health risk assessment show that the carcinogenic risk of As, Cd, and Cr exceeded the acceptable levels (10-6) when the PM10 concentration >0.05 mg·m-3, and the noncarcinogenic risk of Cd and As were greater than the threshold value (1) when the PM10 concentration >0.2 mg·m-3. The risk assessment results of Ni and Hg were lower than the risk threshold, which indicates low risk of threat to human health.