溶剂使用源有组织排放VOCs监测方法及组成特征

以上海2家大型修造船企业、3家大型汽车制造企业、2家大型涂料生产企业、1家大型油墨生产企业以及1家大型包装印刷企业为例,研究不同监测方法对溶剂使用源有组织排放废气VOCs(挥发性有机物)监测的适用性；并在此基础上初步探讨溶剂使用源排放VOCs的组成特征.结果表明:Summa罐可以很好地采集和储存溶剂使用源排放的有机物,废气在Summa罐采集、储存1周后,其中NMHC(非甲烷总烃)质量浓度与企业现场测试结果一致性很好,二者相关系数高达0.99,平均比值为1.04±0.09.采用GC-FID/MS(气相色谱-氢离子火焰/质谱)联用技术分析Summa罐采集的废气发现,VOCs可定量组分的质量浓度平均值占ρ(NMHC)的61.0%(以碳计)；不同溶剂使用源排放的NMHC中可定量组分所占比例在29.2%～95.7%之间,行业之间存在一定差异.溶剂使用源排放的废气中可定量的VOCs组分主要是芳香烃和含氧VOCs；修造船和汽车制造等喷涂过程排放的VOCs中芳香烃贡献最大,其次是含氧VOCs；在涂料油墨生产及包装印刷过程排放的VOCs中,含氧VOCs贡献最大,特别是包装印刷源排放的VOCs中有85.0%是乙酸乙酯.研究结果对溶剂使用源VOCs物质排放清单编制有一定的支撑作用. 

Measurement and Characterization of Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds in Solvent Use

Abstract:Volatile organic compounds(VOCs) measurement is complex due to the various species and chemical reactivity, which is more challenging under the conditions of industrial exhausts. In the present study, different measurement methods were employed to monitor VOC emissions from industrial solvent use, and 9 factories were selected in all, including 3 automobile manufacturing factories, 2 shipbuilding factories, 2 paint manufacturing factories, 1 oil manufacturing factory and 1 printing factory. Different measurement methods were employed to monitor VOCs emissions from industrial solvent use； stainless-steel Summa canisters sampling proved to be suitable for the collection and storage of solvent VOCs emissions for scientific purposes. Non-methane hydrocarbon(NMHC) concentrations of canister samples were measured by GC-FID-MS analysis right after the collection and one week after collection. The results showed good consistency, with a linear correlation factor of 1.04±0.09(R2=0.99). Measured NMHC could be quantified by VOCs species for 61.0% in average by means of GC-FID-MS analyses. The value varied from 29.2% to 95.7% in samples from different industries. Aromatics and oxygenated VOCs were the dominant species in the quantified VOCs species emitted from solvent use. Specifically, aromatics were more abundant than oxygenated VOCs in emissions of automobile manufacturing and shipbuilding processes. Oxygenated VOCs were the dominated species in emissions from paint and oil manufacturing and printing processes, and for example, ethyl acetate contributed 85.0% to emissions from package printing. The result can be applied to further research in emission inventories of industrial solvent use.