三峡库区水环境风险评估与预警平台总体设计与应用

为保障三峡库区水环境安全,提高环保部门的环境预警和应急科学处置能力,根据“平战结合”的平台建设思路,提出了基于面向服务(SOA)可扩展的架构、Webservice数据服务调用模式和模块化功能的平台构建技术,集成了地方环保业务系统的成果,设计和实施了一个体系、一张网、一张图、一张表、一个流程的“五个一”平台工程,研发了集污染源风险识别、环境预警监控、模拟预测、应急评估处置和信息发布5项功能为一体的三峡水环境风险评估与预警平台,并在重庆市环保部门实现了业务化运行应用. 平台研究成果可支撑应急管理和日常管理,并在一系列突发性事件中得到业务应用验证和应用,环境应急响应时间从1~2 h缩短至10~20 min,应急处置时间从原来的1~2 d缩短至1~2 h,显著提高了三峡库区水环境风险评估、预警和防范能力. 

Overall Design and Implementation of a System for Water Environmental Risk Assessment and Early Warning in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region

In order to ensure the water environmental safety in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region and improve the early environmental warning and emergency handling ability, a system was developed with functions including risk prevention, monitoring and emergency treatment. The present study addressed the demands of environmental risk management and emergency handling in Chongqing City, utilized the idea of “combining routine monitoring with emergency response,” and presented a Service-Oriented Architecture, Webservice-based data calling mode and function modules platform technology. By integrating the operation system achievement of the local environmental protection bureau, an innovative system of water environmental risk assessment and early warning, called the “five unified into one” system, including one system, one network, one map, one table and one process, was designed and developed. The system realized the function of potential pollution source risk identification, environmental early-warning monitoring, simulation, emergency assessment disposal and information publishing, and was applied in the environmental protection department in Chongqing City. The results supported the emergency management and daily management. In a series of unexpected events to verify the business application, environmental emergency response time was shortened from 1-2 hours to 10-20 minutes, and the emergency response time was shortened from the original 1-2 days to 1-2 hours. The system improved water environment risk assessment, early warning and prevention ability in the Three Gorges Reservoir area, and provides a reference water environmental control for other districts in the whole country.