基于生态系统服务的稻改旱工程多层次补偿标准

为探讨稻改旱工程科学合理的生态补偿标准,完善流域生态补偿机制,从生态系统服务视角出发,基于外部性理论构建生态补偿标准的经济学模型,并以参与稻改旱工程的河北省赤城县为例,提出基于生态系统服务的稻改旱工程多层次的补偿标准.生态补偿标准经济学模型的构建主要运用经济学边际分析方法,通过对流域生态系统服务供给与需求均衡条件的讨论,同时考虑生态补偿的公众参与,确定稻改旱工程补偿的最低标准、最高标准和参考标准.结果表明:稻改旱工程补偿的最低标准应为上游农民减少的种植收入,最高标准应为下游居民获得的生态系统服务价值增量,参考标准为当地居民的受偿意愿.稻改旱工程实施后,区域淡水供给服务和水质净化服务年增加量分别为2 194.35×104和0.38×104 元,同时造成当地居民年种植收入损失845.95×104 元,70%以上当地居民受偿意愿高于7 500元/hm2.多层次生态补偿标准核算结果显示,赤城县稻改旱工程补偿的最低标准为3 965.40元/hm2,最高标准为10 287.75元/hm2,工程实施的参考标准为9 760.50元/hm2.该研究结果有助于进一步完善稻改旱工程生态补偿机制,调控区域生态-经济间的流量关系,促进稻改旱工程上下游地区的协调发展. 

Multi-Level Ecological Compensation Standards for Paddy Land-to-Dry Land Program based on Ecosystem Services

Abstract: Determining appropriate compensation standards is one of the key problems in the field of eco-compensation research. In order to find a more scientific and reasonable ecological compensation standard for the paddy land-to-dry land program(PLDL program), a multilevel ecological compensation standards model was established based on externality theory. Taking Chicheng County of Hebei Province as an example, we discussed the equilibrium condition between supply and demand of ecosystem services in a watershed and considered the willingness to accept among local residents, and finally proposed the minimum, maximum and reference compensation standards for this region.The results showed that after carrying out the program, both quantity and quality of infiltration water were improved locally. The estimated water supply of downstream areas increased 6.028,4 million cubic meters per year, while the total nitrogen and phosphorus emission decreased 2,207.72 and 176.07 kg per year. The added value of water provision and water purification services in the region were estimated to be 21.943,5 and 0.003,8 million RMB per year, respectively.Meanwhile, the program ensued losses in crop farming of 8.459,5 million RMB per year.More than 70% of local residents were willing to accept no less than 7,500 RMB per hm² for compensation. According to the model calculation, the minimum, maximum and reference compensation standards of the program in Chicheng County should be 3,965.40, 10,287.75 and 9,760.50 RMB per hm², respectively. The study might improve the compensation mechanisms of the paddy land-to-dry land program and contribute to the regulation of regional eco-economics relationships. However, future studies are still needed for further incorporating the welfare of local residents into ecological compensation standards.