1982～2010年湖北省人口分布格局变迁及其影响因素

以人口普查数据为基础,采用空间分析技术,对1982~2010年湖北省人口分布的变迁及原因进行研究。结果表明:(1)湖北省人口分布具有显著的空间差异:区域尺度上,人口分布由东向西梯度递减,且梯度差异不断扩大;地市尺度上,武汉市始终是人口密度最高的地区,神农架、恩施、十堰、宜昌始终是人口密度最低的地区;县级尺度上,人口两极分化明显;省域尺度上,人口密度高值区长期呈三足鼎立的态势,人口重心始终位于几何中心以东,并不断向东迁移;(2)湖北省人口格局形成的原因是多方面的:自然地理差异是奠定湖北人口分布格局的决定因子;社会经济发展对湖北人口分布在自然基础上进行再塑造;区域发展战略对湖北人口分布的变迁起着重要导向作用;开发历史也在一定程度上影响了人口分布的布局。

POPULATION DISTRIBUTION PATTERN CHANGES AND ITS REASONS OF HUBEI PROVINCE FROM 1982 TO 2010

Based on census data, we investigated the changes of population distribution pattern and its reasons of Hubei Province from 1982 to 2010, using spatial analysis methods. The results showed as follows. (1) The population distribution of Hubei Province presented significant spatial differences. At a regional scale, there appeared a population gradient in the population distribution from east to west, and the gradient gap was expanding. At a city scale, Wuhan had always been the city with the highest population density, Shen-Nong-Jia, En-Shi, Shi-Yan and Yi-Chang had always been the cities with the lowest. At a county scale, the population distribution pattern was basically stable. Population density of the counties was lower in western Hubei mountainous area, but was higher in Jiang-Han Plain and Plains along the Yangtze River. And population density polarization was obvious, population of the ultrahigh population density area and the high population density area was getting more and more intensive. At a provincial scale, regions with high population density had a situation of tripartite confrontation in a long-term trend, and the gravity center of population had always been located at the east of the geometric center, and it continued to migrate to the east area. (2) The reasons of the population distribution pattern of Hubei Province were multi-faceted. First, physical geography difference was the determinant. The population density had a weak positive correlation with annual average sunshine hours and annual average temperature, but had an obvious negative correlation with altitude and gradient. Secondly, social-economic development reshaped the population distribution on the base of nature reasons, and the population density had a significant positive correlation with economic density. Thirdly, regional strategies played a guiding role in the population distribution changes. It was obvious that the changes of high population density area were affected by regional development policies. Last but not least, the development history had also affected the layout in a certain extent. Most of the early development areas had always been the densely populated areas. On the contrary, sparsely populated areas were mostly developed later. For instance, the western mountains of Hubei was the latest development area which also had the lowest population density.