一株海洋石油降解菌的特性研究

从胜利油田石油污染水体中分离出的一株石油降解菌HB-1（Acinetobacter sp.），在人工海水条件下，对该菌株的降解条件进行了优化，通过色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）分析了石油组分降解前后的变化规律，并对其降解机理进行了初探. 结果表明:①菌株HB-1降解石油烃所需优势氮源为NH₄NO₃，氮磷比〔ρ（氮）/ρ（磷）〕约为3.18，转速200 r/min，φ（石油）为1.0%时为最佳降解条件；②菌株HB-1在淡水和海水中均能生长，但在海水中对石油烃的降解效果显著；③GC-MS分析表明，菌株HB-1对长链烃有明显的降解作用；④表面活性剂Tween 80能强化菌株HB-1对石油的降解，推断菌株在培养过程中产生了某种生物表面活性剂促使烃类易于为细胞吸收所利用. 

Research on Characteristics of a Marine Oil-Degrading Strain

An oil-degrading bacterial strain HB-1（Acinetobacter sp.）was isolated and obtained from oil contaminated water samples which had been collected fromShengli Oil Field. Under artificial seawater experiment condition, degradation conditions of strain HB-1 were optimized. The biodegradation of each chemical component was analyzed to probe the rule by GC-MS. Also, the oil-degrading mechanism of strain HB-1 was studied. The results showed: ①The optimum conditions of strain HB-1 for petroleum hydrocarbon degradation were that the predominant nitrogen source was ammonium nitrate（NH₄NO₃） and the mass concentration ratio of N to P was 3.18;the shaking rate was 200 r/min and the volume fraction of petroleum in medium was 1.0%. ②Strain HB-1 could grow in freshwater or seawater medium, but the effect of oil degradation was much better in seawater than freshwater medium.③GC-MSanalysis indicated a significant degradation effect on long chain aliphatic alkanes. ④The surfactants such as Tween 80 could enhance the degradability of petroleum by strain HB-1. It is predicted that strain HB-1 could produce certain biosurfactant to facilitated the absorption of hydrocarbons.