滨海湿地类自然保护区的成本-效益研究——以江苏盐城湿地珍禽国家级自然保护区为例

以江苏盐城湿地珍禽国家级自然保护区为例,分析了滨海湿地生态系统所提供的生态系统服务及保护该系统所产生的成本.采用市场价值法、影子工程法和专家评估法估算了保护区内滨海湿地生态系统服务价值.2010年盐城保护区内滨海湿地生态系统产生的保护成本为8.18× 109元,其中管理成本为1.95× 107元,机会成本为8.16× 109元;保护区产生的效益为1.83× 1010元.结果表明,盐城保护区获得的效益远大于其付出的成本,盐城保护区的存在具有经济学上的收益优势.因此,在盐城滨海湿地建立自然保护区具有巨大的生态效益,这种优势更多地体现为长期的综合效益,且难以用货币形式直接兑现.对待自然保护区建设与管理应形成整体、长期的理念,不能因短期利益和局部利益而牺牲自然保护区,真正做到对保护区的永久保护和持续利用.

Costs and Benefits of Coastal Wetland Nature Reserves： A Case Study of Yancheng National Nature Reserve

Ecosystem services and preservation costs of the coastal wetland ecosystem of Yancheng National Nature Reserve were analyzed. Various methods, i. e. market method, shadow-engineering method and expert evaluation method were used to valuate the ecosystem services of the coastal wetland. It was found that in 2010 the total cost of preserving the wetland ecosystem was 8. 18× 109 RMB, of which 1.95×107 RMB was management cost and 8. 16× 109RMB opportunity cost, while the benefits of the reserve totaled 1.83×10 10 RMB. Results of the calculation show that the benefits Yancheng National Nature Reserve generated far outweighed its costs, indicating that the existence of Yancheng National Nature Re- serve has a certain yield advantage in economics. Accordingly, the established Yancheng coastal wetland nature reserve has generated great ecological benefits, of which the advantage embody mostly long-term comprehensive benefits and could hardly be encashed directly in money. Therefore, the construction and management of nature reserves should have an over- all and long-term concept, which will not allow any sacrifice of the nature reserves for short-term or local interests. Only by then can we truly realize perpetual conservation and sustainable utilization of the nature reserves.