河滩湿地资源保护与开发社区意愿调查——以黄河孟津湿地扣马段为例

河滩湿地是湿地资源的重要组成部分,了解社区居民对滩区湿地保护的认知及利用诉求,是探索兼顾社区利益的河滩湿地生态保护模式的基础。以黄河孟津湿地扣马段为例对滩区周边社区居民开展了意愿调查,结果表明:71.96%的被调查居民认识到湿地的重要性,但是严格划地保护、禁止开垦利用而伤害到其根本利益是无法接受的,这种矛盾正是目前自然保护区保护措施和效果无法得到保证的根本原因。90.53%的被调查居民认为保护区对当地社区的影响主要集中在土地减少和鸟类啄食造成作物减产,绝大多数居民认为政府理应给予补偿。对于湿地用途的期望,受访者意见非常分散。只要处理好保护区与社区居民的利益关系,多数居民是能够理解并参与湿地保护工作的。

An Investigation on the Willingness of Community Residents toward Protection or Development of Riparian Wetland Resources: A Case Study in the Kouma Section of the Mengjin Yellow River Wetland

Riparian wetland is not only a very important part of wetland resources, but also one of the areas in which the contradictions between economic growth and ecological environment protection are very acute. To understand the willingness of local community residents toward the riparian wetland protection, investigation that will help to develop the best patterns of protection and utilization of wetland should be carried out. Taking the Kouma section of the Mengjin Yellow River National Reserve as an example, the willingness of community residents to wetland protection and utilization has been investigated in this study. The results showed that 71.96% of the investigated residents have already realized the importance of wetland and agreed that it was reasonable to establish the natural wetland reserve. But if the protection areas were strictly lined out and forbidden cultivating, they would not accept because this would impact their basic interests. And these must be the main reasons why the protective measures of nature reserve cannot be effectively executed. 90.53% of the investigated residents thought that the effects of nature reserve on local community mainly focus on land reduction and the birds pecking crops, and the government should compensate for it. But in fact, limited to financial resources, it is impossible. As regards the expectation on the use of wetland, the interviewees hold different views. If the relationship of benefits between the nature reserve and community resident are well improved, more new opportunities for employment are created, and the compensation system and alternative livelihoods for farmers should be implemented as soon as possible, the majority of the community residents have the strong willingness to understand and support to participate in the protection work of nature reserve. Distribution along the river, the pattern of riverbed natural wetland-riverside shelter belt-water plants growing-fish farming-corn planted, and moderate development of eco-tourism are the best pattern of protection and utilization of wetland, which can not only protect the nature reserve but also give consideration to the willingness and vested interest of local community residents.