Bleached kraft pulp mill discharged organic matter in recipient lake sediment |
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Authors: | Eija K Saski Raimo Mikkola Jussi V K Kukkonen Mirja S Salkinoja-Salonen |
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Institution: | (1) Dept. of Applied Chemistry and Microbiology, University of Helsinki, P.O.Box 56, FIN-00014, Finland;(2) Dept. of Biology, University of Joensuu, P.O.Box 111, FIN-80101 Joensuu, Finland |
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Abstract: | Environmental properties of organic matter contained halogen and sulfur were studied in sediments of bleached kraft pulp mill
effluent (BKME) recipient lakes and 2 m3 outdoor enclosures (mesocosms). The BKME contributed to 1% (v/v) of the total water flow in the lake downstream of the pulp
mill where the sediments contained 1.7 to 4 mg of tetrahydrofuran extractable organic halogen (EOX-Cl) and 0.6 to 0.8 mg of
tetrahydrofuran extractable organic sulfur (EOS-S) g−1 of organic matter. Upstream sediment contained 0.03 mg of EOXCl and 0.7 mg of EOS-S g−1 of organic matter. EOX was a better indicator for the influence of BKME in the recipient sediment than EOS. The polarity
of BKME contained EOX corresponded to log Kow of < 1, and that of the downstream sediment contained EOX to > 4.5. HP-SEC analysis of the molecular weight distribution
(MWD) of the EOX showed a peak between 300 to 600 g mol−1 for the BKME and between 1000 to 2000 g mol−1 for the downstream sediment. The MWD of the BKME contained EOS peaked at 300 to 1000 g mol−1, and that of the downstream sediment contained EOS at 1000 to 5000 g mol−1. These results indicate that BKME contained organic halogen and sulfur undergo major structural transformations when incorporated
into sediment. The biota-to-sediment accumulation factor (BSAF) of EOX from sediments formed downstream of the mill and in
the mesocosms to the lipids ofLumbriculus variegatus was 0.4 to 0.7. This is of a similar order of magnitude to the BSAF reported for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzop-dioxin and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran. |
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Keywords: | Bioaccumulation freshwater organic halogen organic sulfur polarity molecular weight pulp mill effluent recipient sediment |
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