焦化废水处理过程中固相物质的形成及处置方法评价

焦化废水处理过程中产生的焦油、污泥和结晶杂盐等固相物质，既有资源属性，又有污染特性，但目前缺乏基于能源、经济及环境影响方面的评估.本研究阐述了3类固相物质的形成机制，建立了质量当量计算及处置方法评价模型.以宝武集团韶关钢铁股份有限公司焦化厂（二期）焦化废水处理工程的A/O/H/O（厌氧/好氧/水解/好氧）流化床工艺作为考察对象，利用工程运行参数和水质统计数据进行固相物质的产量推算，结果发现，焦油、物化污泥、生物污泥（含水率为80%）和工业杂盐的产率分别为0.186、5.80、4.24和1.97 kg·m^-3.通过处置方法评价模型明确了焦油焚烧、污泥热解、结晶杂盐分盐提纯后工业应用是最佳处置方案，在60 m³·h^-1废水处理规模的固相物质处置过程中，每年约产生1177 MWh的能源，获得135.0万元的经济效益，排放627.0 t CO₂，表明能源回收、经济效益和环境影响的协同存在.

Formation and treatment methods evaluation of solid-phase substances in coking wastewater treatment

A variety of solid-phase substances, including tar, sludge and salt, were produced during coking wastewater treatment process. These substances are pollutants, but also have the potential to be resources. At present, there is a lack of assessment on energy, economic and environmental aspects of solid-phase substances disposal technologies. In this study, the formation mechanism of three kinds of solid-phase substances was systematically proposed. A model for output calculation and treatment method evaluation was established. Taking the A/O/H/O (Anaerobic/Aerobic/Hydrolysis/Aerobic) fluidized bed process for coking wastewater treatment in Baowu Group Guangdong Shaoguan Iron & Steel Co., Ltd. as the research object, the actual production of solid-phase substances was estimated by using the engineering operation parameters and water quality statistical data. The yields of tar, inorganic sludge, biological sludge (moisture content is 80%) and salts were 0.186, 5.80, 4.24 and 1.97 kg·m^-3, respectively. Based on the evaluation model, it was clear that tar incineration, sludge pyrolysis and salt purification and recovery were the best scheme for the disposal of solid-phase substances. In the disposal of solid-phase substances produced in a wastewater treatment plant with a treatment capacity of 60 m³·h^-1, 1177 MWh energy might be generated annually, with an economic benefit of 1.35 million yuan and carbon dioxide emissions of 627.0 tons, showing the co-occurrence of energy recovery, economic benefits and environmental impact.