基于景观生态学的区域土地利用结构变化特征

采用滁州市1996 ~2005年土地利用变更数据作为研究的基础材料，运用景观生态学中多样性指数、优势度指数和均匀度指数等有关结构数量分析的方法，进行研究区土地利用结构分异的定量分析。研究结果表明：（1）该方法能够很好地揭示滁州市近几年来土地利用结构特征的变化规律；（2）滁州市土地利用结构变化特征更趋多样化和平均化；（3）1996 ~2005年滁州市各土地利用类型变化强度是：牧草地＞交通用地＞园地＞未利用地＞林地＞居民点与工矿用地＞耕地＞其他农用地＞水利设施用地，林地、居民点及工矿用地和其他农用地面积的增加主要是通过开发未利用地和耕地、园地、牧草地来进行平衡；（4）1996年~2005年滁州市主城区和各县（市）各类用地的相对变化及结构变化情况存在显著差异，主城区土地利用变化强度是居民点及工矿用地＞耕地＞牧草地＞林地＞未利用地＞交通用地＞其他农用地＞水利设施用地＞园地；而下辖各县（市）土地利用变化强度是牧草地＞未利用地＞耕地＞林地＞水利设施用地＞其他农用地＞居民点及工矿用地＞园地＞交通用地。最后根据研究结果提出相应对策与措施建议。

VARIATION OF REGIONAL LAND USE STRUCTURE BASED ON LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY

Using Chuzhou's land utilization changing data from 1996 to 2005 as the basic material for the research,the quantitative analysis of land utilization structure differentiation in the research area was carried out by means of relevant structural quantitative analysis of diversity index,dominance index and evenness index of landscape ecology.Research results showed that:(1) This method can better unveil the changing rule of recent years'land utilization structure characteristics in Chuzhou;(2)The changing trend of Chuzhou's land utilization structure tends to be diversified and averaged;(3) From 1996 to 2005,the changing intensity of Chuzhou's various land utilization types is:grass land>transportation land>garden plot>virgin land>forest land>residential area and industry and mining land>farmland>other agricultural land>irrigation works land;the increase of forest land,residential area and industry and mining land,and other agricultural land is balanced mainly by developing virgin land,farmland,garden plot and grass land;(4)There is a remarkable difference between the relative changing,structural changing of various lands of the main urban areas of Chuzhou and that of every county (city) under Chuzhou municipality;the land utilization changing intensity of the main urban areas is residential area and industry and mining land>farmland>grass land>forest land>virgin land>transportation land>other agricultural land>irrigation works land>garden plot,while the land utilization changing intensity of every county (city)under Chuzhou municipality is grass land>virgin land>farmland>forest land>irrigation works land>other agricultural land>residential area and industry and mining land>garden plot>transportation land.Finally,suggestions on corresponding countermeasures and measures were proposed according to the research results.